Songs can be Considered A Form of Modern Day Poetry Essay -- essays re

Can Songs be Considered A Form of Modern Day Poetry? Yes.The youth of today are more likely to view a favourite vocal music rather than a favourite poem. Although the feelings and hidden meanings expressed in calls are often unacknowledged by the listener, they often defy qualities that resemble those of a typical poem. These qualities include word choice, mood, hidden meanings and imagery. Using the songs Luka by Suzanne Vega, and April Come She Will by Simon and Garfunkle, I am going to analyze that songs can be considered a form of modern day song.To indulge the reader, poets can use contradictory language and specific word choice to counterpoint the themes of the poem thus creating a particular mood. Suzanne Vega demonstrates this in the song LukaVerse 1 My name is LukaI live on the second floorI live upstairs from youYes I think youve seen me beforeThe impression created in measure 1 is that of a typical boy meets girl theme. This is motivated by the pleasant, happy music and the lyrics indicating a girl meeting a boy. As the song continues, verse 2 indicates that their initial impression was incorrectVerse 2 If you hear something late at nightSome kind of trouble, some kind of fightJust beart ask me what it wasJust dont ask me what it wasJust dont ask me what it wasThe music continues to be pleasant, which contrasts to the bad vibe given off by the lyrics in verse 2. The songwriter is using contrasting themes which is a technique often used in poems. The repetition of Just dont ask me what it was encourages familiarity for the listener as, because it is repeated, it is what the listener remembers about the song. Furthermore, it adds more emphasis to the indication that ... ... been related to months and seasons maybe because the hidden message of the song is that make love is a never-ending cycle (like the seasons). This would indicate that love will inevitably die, but be reborn again, perhaps in the form of someone else or with the sam e person. This then could lead to the theory that this song was written to be compatible with everything that is loved i.e. a new job, new friend etc and that it often deteriorates through familiarity. Such depth in a song compares to the depth of a poem in terms of the hidden meanings and imagery. I believe that songs can be considered a form of modern day poetry as they often effectively use poetic techniques such as repetition, imagery, contrasting themes, effective word choice and climaxes. The two songs that I have discussed intelligibly possess and demonstrate these qualities and how effective they are.

The Relationship of Allegory of the Cave to Learning and Education Essa

The Relationship of Allegory of the Cave to Learning and EducationThe Allegory of the Cave is Platos attempt to explain the relationship in the midst of knowledge and ignorance. Starting with the image of men in fetters that limit their movement and force them to look only ahead, this is the idea that all men and women are resile by the limits of their ignorance. Men and women are restricted by the limits of the education of their parents and the small amounts that can be culled from their environment. Images and shadows are representations of those things surrounding us that we sop up but do not understand because of our limited knowledge. As we obtain the ability to see things more clearly in the cave that is our ignorance, we start to then loosen the fetters that puzzle us and investigate the objects and images around us with our newly acquired mobility. Eyes that have seen nothing but darkness for so long are now fine-tuned to see even the smallest glimmer of light, or knowle dge, in the far reaches of the cave. Constantly moving and gathering knowledge we observe that we are in fact m...

Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc

In the study of a scientists life, it is important to recognize several key elements. Scientific contributions are of utmost importance. Following mention of those, it is then viable to look at his or her life, family, and religion as well. However, for Albert mind, these elements must all be looked at collectively. Einstein will no doubt go polish up in history as a great theoretical physicist. His work is compared in importance to that of scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Nicolas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton. Some would even say that his contributions to experience were greater. However, it is impossible to paint a complete picture of Einstein without examining his life, his religion, and his personality. His science was his life, and his religion gave him insights as to how to approach science. By observing his innate curiosity, desire for relaxation and elegance, humble outlook, and desire to seek answers, we can see what elements reached the center of his being. Though Einstein was one of the greatest contributors to physical science of our times, he was by no means the most brilliant theorist or experimenter. Competent specialists within the field of physics could have better accomplished some of his mathematical deductions. In fact, he needed the assistance of a friend, mathematician Marcel Grossman, to wield the tools necessary to develop his general theory of relativity. Einstein shined brightest within a theoretical context, but, notwithstanding the fact that his relativistic theories were most revolutionary, the study of quantum mechanics made a larger impact on the way physics is studied today. What, then, set Einstein apart? Curiosity was the key factor. As Einstein said, I have no special gift - I am o... ...manner of man he was. Albert Einsteins long quest was to seek the answers to questions his curiosity posed. His religious inspirations and intuitive nature helped set him apart from other scientists, and aided him in finding the solutions he sought. He was scantily as unique a man, possessing a world view many have come to respect. In short, Einstein was a man who was much greater than the sum of his equations. It is in this light that he will be forever remembered. It is also because of this truth that Einstein is considered one of the most revolutionary men of our time. whole kit and boodle CitedDuxbury, Philip. Physics concepts, physics careers lecture notes. East Lansing, 1996. Hawking, Stephen. A Brief History of Time. New York Bantam, 1988. Hoffmann, Banesh (with Helen Dukas as collaborator). Albert Einstein Creator and Rebel. New York Viking, 1972.

History, Culture and Identity of Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s The

History, Culture and Identity of Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tans The Joy caboodle Club Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club is a novel that deals with many controversial issues. These issues unfold in her stories about four Chinese captures and their American raised daughters. The novel begins with the mothers talking about their own childhoods and the relationship that they had with their mothers. Then it focuses on the daughters and how they were raised, then to the daughters current lives, and finally bottom to the mothers who finish their stories. Tan uses these mother-daughter relationships to describe conflicts of history, culture, and identity and how each of these themes are intertwined with one another through the mothers and daughters. The mothers and daughters not only experience a generation gap, tho since the mothers were born in China and the daughters were born in America, they also experience a certain cultural gap. This leads to miscommunication and misunderstanding on both parts. To the mothers, their Chinese inheritance is very meaningful to them and the Americanized daughters dont always understand this. The daughters get embarrassed by their mothers broken English. For instance, at one point Lindo Jong says But in spite of appearance I am becoming ashamed. I am ashamed she is ashamed. Because she is my daughter and I am knightly of her, and I am her mother and she is not proud of me. (pg. 291). Lindo is hurt because her daughter Waverly, is talking to her like she is a child. Waverly does not do this on purpose, she just has a hard time understanding her mother and her background, like the other daughters in the book. Living with their traditional culture in American society, Chinese-American women suffer the prob... ...ying to save their daughters from the cultural barriers, and identity crisis that they had to face. It is in listening to these stories that the daughters find their legitimate identities and become the people that they r eally are. They realize that they do not have to look at their mothers as their opponents, but instead their equals. They accept and even celebrate the fact that they are the same as their mothers. The Joy Luck Club tells a strong and powerful story that shows the importance of history, culture, and identity in mother daughter relationships, and also in everyday life. Works CitedDo, Thuan Thi. Chinese-American Women in American Culture. 1992 http//www.ics.uci.edu/tdo/ea/chinese.html Jokinen, Anniina. Anniinas Amy Tan Page. 1996 http//www.luminarium.org/contemporary/amytan/ Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York Random House, 1989.

Essay --

Uribe opositor La imagen Uribe opositor se compone de varias metforas como lo son Uribe profeta, Uribe pez de len, Uribe lengua venenosa, todas ellas apuntan a ratificar la oposicin de Uribe al gobierno de Santos, a deslegitimizar su periodo presidencial y a daar la imagen del presidente actual. Por eso, durante las marchas del paro agrario salieron a relucir caricaturas donde Uribe es representado como un campesino que apoya las manifestaciones, por ejemplo. Ahora bien, dichas metforas que legitiman la oposicin de Uribe al gobierno de Santos, tienen como base la estrategia de representar a Uribe (y a Santos) de manera zoomrfica. Este, se constituye como un recurso que agrega rasgos propios de los animales a la representacin visual (la imagen) del actor representado. Figura 1. Ataque del pez len, 19 de septiembre. En ese sentido, en la figura 1, se puede apreciar cmo se construye la metfora Uribe pez len a travs de la transicin del dominio origen (pez len) al dominio de stino Uribe opositor, sin duda es un opositor de cuidado, puesto que los rasgos que se toman del domino origen son los de depredador, y con l otros como amenaza, plaga, de mordida venenosa, entre otros. En contraste, a Santos se le representa como un pez normal, un tanto confiado, cuya ruta o meta propuesta son las elecciones del prximo ao (2014). De hecho, parece ser una competencia para ver quin saca partido en las prximas elecciones. El trasfondo poltico de esta caricatura versa en las constantes apariciones del ex presidente en los medios masivos de comunicacin, en los cuales tiende a criticar el gobierno de Santos, adjudicndole todas las irregularidades y las acciones que afectan a... ...dominio origen de la adiccin a las drogas al domino de llegada de una adiccin al poder, entendido este ltimo aspecto como una obsesin, una necesidad de ocupar un cargo pblico dentro del Congreso de la Repblica. Figura 4. Recada de un adicto al poder, 24 de septiembre De tal forma que la imagen de Uribe se configura como un ser obsesionado, aspecto que llega a tratarse como un trastorno, por querer aspirar cargos polticos en el pas. Es un personaje vigente que utiliza su jeringa para darse una dosis de CONGRESO. En ltimas, ratifica que est dispuesto a hacer lo que sea necesario (el fin justifica los medios) para ocupar dicho cargo. Cabe resaltar el fondo de la imagen, una pared sin repellar, y la iluminacin que engloba al ex presidente, aspectos que dan la nocin de juzgamiento, de encarcelamiento, y en ltimas, de corrupcin.

Essay --

Uribe opositor La imagen Uribe opositor se compone de varias metforas como lo son Uribe profeta, Uribe pez de len, Uribe lengua venenosa, todas ellas apuntan a ratificar la oposicin de Uribe al gobierno de Santos, a deslegitimizar su periodo presidencial y a daar la imagen del presidente actual. Por eso, durante las marchas del paro agrario salieron a relucir caricaturas donde Uribe es representado como un campesino que apoya las manifestaciones, por ejemplo. Ahora bien, dichas metforas que legitiman la oposicin de Uribe al gobierno de Santos, tienen como base la estrategia de representar a Uribe (y a Santos) de manera zoomrfica. Este, se constituye como un recurso que agrega rasgos propios de los animales a la representacin visual (la imagen) del actor representado. Figura 1. Ataque del pez len, 19 de septiembre. En ese sentido, en la figura 1, se puede apreciar cmo se construye la metfora Uribe pez len a travs de la transicin del dominio origen (pez len) al dominio de stino Uribe opositor, sin duda es un opositor de cuidado, puesto que los rasgos que se toman del domino origen son los de depredador, y con l otros como amenaza, plaga, de mordida venenosa, entre otros. En contraste, a Santos se le representa como un pez normal, un tanto confiado, cuya ruta o meta propuesta son las elecciones del prximo ao (2014). De hecho, parece ser una competencia paratrooper ver quin saca partido en las prximas elecciones. El trasfondo poltico de esta caricatura versa en las constantes apariciones del ex presidente en los medios masivos de comunicacin, en los cuales tiende a criticar el gobierno de Santos, adjudicndole todas las irregularidades y las acciones que afectan a... ...dominio origen de la adiccin a las drogas al domino de llegada de una adiccin al poder, entendido este ltimo aspecto como una obsesin, una necesidad de ocupar un cargo pblico dentro del Congreso de la Repblica. Figura 4. Recada de un adicto al poder, 24 de septiembre De tal f orma que la imagen de Uribe se configura como un ser obsesionado, aspecto que llega a tratarse como un trastorno, por querer aspirar cargos polticos en el pas. Es un personaje vigente que utiliza su jeringa para darse una dosis de CONGRESO. En ltimas, ratifica que est dispuesto a hacer lo que sea necesario (el fin justifica los medios) para ocupar dicho cargo. Cabe resaltar el fondo de la imagen, una pared sin repellar, y la iluminacin que engloba al ex presidente, aspectos que dan la nocin de juzgamiento, de encarcelamiento, y en ltimas, de corrupcin.

Mother Tongue-Based Multi-Lingual Education in Philippine Schools Essay

Scenario A Waray-speaking couple from Samar decided to relocate in Cebu for assembly line opportunities. Tagging a recollective with them is their first-grader girl. Deficient of finances, they decided to enroll the kid in a public school. It so happened that the Philippine Department of Education (DepEd) has introduced the Mother Tongue-Based Multi-Lingual Education (MTB-MLE) platform. This is a program that uses your mother barbarism ( expression at home) as a medium of instruction inside the classroom.Will the girl be given special direction knowing that she speaks Waray and be separated from the rest of her Cebuano-speaking classmates? If the expression at home will be the medium of instruction from Kinder to Grade 3, how will this affect a multi-language group? According to DepEd, 12 major Philippine languages will be introduced beginning this school socio-economic class 2012-2013 to improve literacy and instruction Tagalog, Kapampangan, Pangasinense, Iloko, Bikol, Cebuano , Hiligaynon, Waray, Tausug, Maguindanaoan, Maranao, and Chabacano.The objectives of the program include l. anguage emergence which establishes a strong education for success in school and for lifelong learning 2. cognitive development which focuses on Higher Order Thinking Skills competencies in severally of the learning argonas and 3. academician development which prepares the assimilator to memorize mastery of language and culture. 4. socio-cultural awareness which enhances the pride of the learners heritage. The program hopes that by victimization the mother tongue (first language or L1) as a medium of instruction inside the classroom in the early grades, it will hasten the canonic communication skills of the students.When students develop fluency in speaking, interpreting and writing in the first language, the L1 can then be utilized as a bridge over or transitional to learning the second (L2) and third (L3) languages (e. g. Filipino and English). The introduction of la nguages in this method will give students confidence in learning academic concepts. From DepEd Order No. 74, 3c In terms of cognitive development, and its effects in other academic areas, pupils taught to read and write in their first language acquire educational competencies more quickly. DirectorYolanda Quijano of DepEds Bureau of Elementary Education stressed in a press release, These studies proved that learners who begin in their first language drop more efficient cognitive development and are better prepared for more cognitively demanding subject matter. In other words, a learner tends to be smarter if he starts his education using the mother tongue. How will DepEd implement the program? Below, I tabulated a progression plan for teaching and using the common chord languages (mother-tongue, English, Filipino) based on how I understood the program.Basically, the program starts with pupils learning their lessons through the use of their mother-tongue first orally and then in written form. It finishes with kids being swimming in (or at least learning fast) English and Filipino when they finish grade 6. Will this kind of plan succeed? I believe so, if think properly. Even UNESCO endorses the use of Mother Tongue Multilingual Education and highlights the important features of the process1.Education begins with what the learners already know, building on the language and culture, knowledge and receive that they bring with them when they start school 2. Learners gradually gain confidence in using the new (official) language, before it becomes the only language for teaching academic subjects and 3. Learners carry out grade level competence in each subject because teachers use their home language, along with the official school language, to help them understand the academic concepts. Also, MTB-MLE has long been used by other developing countries.Here are benchmark studies from UNESCO 1. Modianos (1973) study in the Chiapas highlands of Mexico found that i ndigenous children efficiently transferred literacy skills from the L1 to the L2 and out-performed monolingual Spanish speakers. 2. The Six-Year Yoruba Medium Primary Project (Fafunwa et al. 1975 Akinnaso 1993 see Adegbiya 2003 for other references) demonstrated unequivocally that a full six-year primary education in the mother tongue with the L2 taught as a subject was not only viable but gave better results than all-English schooling.It also suggested that teachers should be allowed to specialize in L2 instruction. 3. The Rivers Readers Project, also in Nigeria, showed how mother tongue materials of reasonable quality could be developed even where resources were scarce and even for previously undeveloped languages with small numbers of speakers (Williamson, 1976). Communities themselves provided competent native speakers and funds for language development, producing over forty publications in fifteen languages.4.Large-scale research on Filipino-English bilingual schooling in the P hilippines (Gonzalez & Sibayan, 1988) found a positive relationship in the midst of achievement in the two languages, and found that low student performance overall was not an effect of bilingual education but of other factors, peculiarly the low quality of teacher training (see also Dutcher 1995). If the program works in other developing countries, I believe, it should also work in the Philippines. just this isnt easy. Getting to the goal takes a lot of groundwork. Look at the figure below.For the program to achieve long-term success, DepEd must go through each and every step. It looks like DepEd has already done the necessary research and already raised awareness about the program through its Region, Division, District, and School Heads, as wholesome as through Local Government Units (LGUs). But what about the rest of the steps? Do we have enough teaching and learning materials ready that are built specifically for a particular language? Next, have we trained enough teachers a nd staff to efficiently implement the program? Most importantly, do we have the funding and full support from the government to sustain this effort?Now, let me go back to the challenge I mentioned in the first paragraph. How will the program resolve classrooms with multiple home languages spoken by pupils? What is the solution when teachers that are available to teach do not even speak the pupils mother-tongue? Should we place books and reading materials written in different home languages in each classroom? While I support mother tongue-based education, I think DepEd must make pass some more time to resolve some lingering questions and prepare the materials needed to facilitate effective classroom interaction with this new approach to staple fiber education.Success stories in Papua New Guinea (Klaus 2003), and the Rivers Readers project in Nigeria (Williamson 1985) should become inspirations for the Philippines. More time is also needed for human resource development. To remed y this situation, the shell of the bilingual intercultural education in Bolivia must be looked into (refer to ETARE 1993, Albo & Anaya 2003). Are you one with the DepEd in the implementation of the Mother Tongue-Based Multi-Lingual Education (MTB-MLE) program this coming school year? Leave some comments below.

Affirmative Action: Executive Order 11246

The Websters New World Dictionary defines assentient action as a policy or program for correcting the effects of disagreement in the employment or education of members of certain groups. President Lyndon Johnson issued executive Order 11246. This required federal contractors to take affirmative action to increase the matter of minorities that they employed. President Johnsons order he put in place has since been twisted and turned around to what it is today.Such twists and turns include the hiring of unqualified workers, the causing of puzzles for groups it originally set out to help, and the reverse discrimination that results in unfair standards into higher education and the work force. Affirmative action creates an equal opportunity for people in the work force and for students seeking higher education. However, while affirmative action creates equal opportunity to for around individuals, it discriminates against others, primarily white males. Take for example some police forces.If a member of a minority group is hired over a more qualified person and they are forced to be in a situation they cannot handle then that is a major problem of affirmative action. Therefore, affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. In Assessing Affirmative Action, an article by Harry Holtzer and David Neumark , says that many firms where more likely to hire women and minorities with lesser qualifications, but also to give them bettering training, thus erasing the differences(Holtzer1).In many cases you see that affirmative action helps most minorities and women but has its obvious drawbacks. In another article by George Gurin, Sizing Up Affirmative Action, he says that To many colleges and businesses are being almost to open on who they let in and who they dont only because they are trying too hard(Gurin3). In my opinion I think that affirmative action is a great thing to consume in todays society, our nations development is c redited to many different cultures coming together to form one great one. We will forever apply the fight of discrimination, but there is not in my opinion one-way to satisfy everyone.As mentioned earlier affirmative action does hurt some of the people it set out to help. Consider an employer who hires a member of a certain minority group on the basis of skills alone. Many of the employees may automatically aim that the individuals appointment to that job is resulted from affirmative action. Therefore, an employee who does benefit from affirmative action may bear the brand of not being the best plectron, but the best pick of a limited group(Pasour). Another part of affirmative action that is commonly brought up is women in the government.In earlier periods people wouldnt make up consider having a woman in positions where they would be making decisions for men. In this day they were almost treated like the slaves that they owned. One of the only jobs that women did was to work in factories and low income jobs. at present women hold the top positions in some jobs. Companies are hiring and promoting women the same is they do men. Is this a result of affirmative action? When women were given their rights it was. Today it is easy to see that women are just as qualified as men at what they do. The question of having a woman president is still up for grabs.I think that it will still be a long time before society feels comfortable with a woman controlling their nation. That in its self would be another consideration. Would other countries take us seriously and treat us with the same respect they do now. In time affirmative action may be the winner in that a woman president is closer than everyone may think. Another heated issue with affirmative action is the issue of African Americans. America has been a racist country from the start. But as time has passed and people have accepted other races as their own.This was not until recently when people thought like th is. In the case of the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), a special admission program setting aside 16 places in the medical school class for disadvantaged students, chiefly racial minorities, violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment and title VI of the polished rights act of 1964(Regents2). All in all todays society is growing towards the acceptance of different races and minorities. And one stepping-stone to that acceptance is the issue of affirmative action.

Odysseus

Observing the relationship between the polytheistic gods and mortals in the time of kor seems, in comparison, is odd to our Judeo-christian traditions found in our society. Where some may see a omnishient and powerful being as a inactive in the our everyday dealings, the Gods in Homers time were consistently involved in either hindering or aiding those they found to their liking or disliking. In the epic poesy The Odysseyby Homer (translated by W. H. D.Rouse) Odyseuss is constantly helped and indered throughout the story by a multitude of Gods. To begin, in the VII book Odysseus has been blown off cover and has been shipwrecked at the island of the Phaecians due to a storm fabricated by Poseidon the God of the sea and earthquakes. Poseidons motivation to commit such an act was Odysseuss lack of paying priggish homage for the pillaging done during the Trojan War and the blinding of his cyclops son, Polythemus. One appauling point of this example is how defined and clear the motiva tions of Poeseidon were.Usually when an event of tragedy appens to those who be religiously inclined they often ask Why would God do this? and the typical answer used by religous leaders is that God works in mysterious ways that us humanness cannot begin to understand. Rather than the Greek Gods residing in an entirely segreated realm from mortals they allow themselves to share in human traits and motivations . Contuing on Odysesss dilema on the island of the Phaecians, he is found by the Phaecian princess Nausicaa who was instructed to make her way to him via the Goddess Athena.Athena is the Goddess of wisdom and has built a mentor and savior like relationship with him. After Odysseuss piece to play in the troJan war the Goddess advocated on behalf of Mount Olympus. When the Trojan war was happening Gods took sides, at multiplication they interrupted the war and other times they let the two sides brawl it out. Since there was such an abundance of Gods to follow in the greek pol ytheistic religon humans favored certain Gods to pray to and righteousness and in turn the Gods favored certain humans and gave special attention to.The way the gods treated their followers were as if they were using them as pawns on a great chessboard, pushing them all in different paths as if it were somesort of entertainment. Athena knew that Odysseus was a proper man and could win over the Phaecians, but she chooses to intercede his innate(p) path and gifts him with the knowledge of their culture and turns him invisible so he may enter the castle. The Goddess could have bonnie as easily Just transported Odysseus into the castle mightily dressed and fully groomed, but she took a less involved route.The Gods seem to favor slightly altering information available to humans or effecting relationships and Just watching how it would play out. Athena doesnt forcefully push Nausicaa to find Odysseus rather she Just implies it and also she supllies miniscule aid on the path to the cas tle. On the source gods appear to humans as their normal selves, but usually they work behind the curtain. The idea of the gods as tricksters who misdirects individuals for simple entertainment is so odd to equate to our modern way of thinking from a judeo-christian point of view.It doesnt seem right that such a powerful deity should nave a sense ot humor. This virtually likely branches otttne tact that having a sense ot humor is to human and recognizable to us. On the contrary, once we establish these gods in the same category as humans the idea becomes clearer.

Operation Managerment

I. Discussion and Review Question 1. Briefly describe the term operations management? Answer operations solicitude is management of system or processes that create goods or provide attend to. The term operations management includes interrelated activities such as forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, managing inventories, insure fiber, motivating employees, and deciding where to locate facilities and more. 2. Identify the three major(ip) partal areas of business organization and briefly describe how they interrelate?Answer The three major functional areas of business are finance, operations and market. Finance is responsible for securing financial resources at favorable prices and allocating those resources throughout the organization, as well as budgeting, analyzing investment proposals and providing funds for operations. Moreover, operations function is responsible for producing products and delivering run and it take ins the support as well as input from others are as of the organization such as finance and marketing.And finally, marketing is responsible for assessing consumer wants and needs, as well as selling and promoting goods or services. Marketing and Operations are the primary or line function. 3. Describe the operations function and the nature of the operations managers origin? Answer Operations is responsible for producing the goods or providing the service offered by the organization. Therefore, the nature of the operations managers job is to guide the system by decision making. Certain decision affects the design of the system, and others affect the operation of the system.System design involves decisions that relate to system capacity, the geographic localisation of function of the facilities and acquisition of equipment. 4. List five great differences between goods production and service operation then list five important similarities? Answer quintuple important differences between good production and service operation are de gree of customer contact, uniformity of input, labor content of jobs, uniformity of output and measurement of productivity. Five important similarities both goods production and service operation involve design and operating decisions.Goods production must decide what size factory is needed and service operations must decide what size building is needed. Both must make decisions on location, work schedules, capacity and allocation of scare resources. 5. Briefly address each of these term related to the historical evolution of operations management industrial revolution, scientific management, interchangeable parts and division of labor. Answer Industrial revolution began in 1770s in England and spread to the rest of Europe and to the United States during the 19th century.Then, a number of innovations in the 18th century changed the face of the production eer by substituting machine power for human power. A major change occurred that gave the Industrial Revolution a boost the deve lopment of standard gauging systems. This greatly reduced the need for custom-made goods. Factories began to spring up and grow rapidly, providing the jobs for the countless people who were attracted in large number form rural areas. Scientific Management era brought widespread changes to the management of the factories.The movement was spearheaded by the efficiency engineer and inventor Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor believed in a science of management based on observation, measurement, analysis, and progression of work method, and economic incentives. Interchangeable parts are parts of a product made to such precision that they do not have to be custom fitted. Division of labor means the breaking up of production process into small tasks, so that each worker perform small contribution of the overall job. II. Critical Thinking Exercise 1.Many organizations offer a combination of goods and service to their customers. As you learned in this chapter, thither are some key differen ces between production of goods and delivery of service. What are the implications of these differences relative to managing operation? Answer It is good to combine between goods and service to their customers. Although goods is physical items produced by business organizations and services include activities that provide some combine of time, location, from, and psychological value, goods and services have a relationship to increase number of customers.Beside the company sell the goods, the company need to take care customer with services. It helps the customers trust and pleasure the goods as much as possible. Nowadays, the sale department and customer services department have to concern together to get profit and have potential customers. A good example for that is coffee shop. When you sell cups of coffee for customer, customers not only concern stress as well as the quality of coffee, but also they concern how they are serviced, the coffee is brought quickly or not.Therefore, it is necessary to combine and improve quality of goods and services. III. Case Hazel 1. In what ways are Hazels customers most likely to judge the quality of her lawn care services? Answer some Hazels customers judge the quality of her lawn care service depend on the way Hazel take care, how long she take care their garden, later Hazel take care, how their garden look, it is beautiful or not. For example, when Hazel mows lawns, she use good material, she work carefully and finish her job on time. It makes her customers satisfy and her job is considered successfully. 3.What are some the trade-offs that Hazel probably considered related to Working for a company kind of of for herself, Expanding the business, Launching the website Answer a. Working for a company instead of for herself If Hazel continues to find the job, she gouge find the good and satisfy job. However, she will not realize that she can be able to manage and do business. She can continue lose the job and she have to find other the job. She can earn less money with her job than her business. b. Expanding the business When Hazel expand the business, there are some trade-offs for her.Firstly, she has to spend more money instead of saving her money in the account bank. Secondly, it takes long time for her to do business, and she does not bountiful time to take care her family. And finally, her business can be unsuccessful and she can lose many things. c. Launching the website The biggest trade-off for launching the website is her time. When she has the website, there are a lot of customers knows her business. The problem can be that she does not have enough time to cover, if she does not have enough employees.

Elizabeth Bishop Essay

Elizabeth Bishop is a very highly skilled poet. She deals with several different but equall(a)y interesting subject matters. I am personally drawn to many elements of her work, for example her pennings and call of writing. Bishop deals with many different themes, including family, death, beauty and survival. She as well uses a very unique and intriguing style of writing. Bishop has a remarkable eye for flesh out, her poems reach a conclusion and she puts a huge amount of her own life into her work.Firstly I go out note at the themes of her poetry. Family, baby birdhood and home are recurring themes through and through with(predicate)out her poetry. Bishop had quite an unfortunate tiddlerhood and confounded both her parents at quite a materialisation age. This is reflected in the unnerving images she often employs in accounts of her childhood.This theme is central to many of her poems. Sestina, for example, is dominated by mages of rain, failing light and tears. Also in Fir st wipeout in Nova Scotia she captures the confusion of a child faced with the inexplicable fact of her cousins death.The use of the third person voice in sestina blends the poets adult perspective with the childs. It also allows Bishop to distance herself emotionally. Quite noticeably at that place is no mother in sestina, which is reinforced by the repetition of grandmother. This insufficiency of parental figure in Bishops life is common in her poems, all but First Death in Nova Scotia.Come, said my motherBishop lost her mother at five years of age. Although her mother didnt die at this time it is notable that the barely poem in which she is mentioned is predominantly almost death.It seems Bishop never knew a true home and her search for a sense of belonging is apparent in Filling Station. At first she is disgusted by the dirty filling station. However as the poem progresses she discovers that it is a family filling station. She notices a warmer, more(prenominal) feminine to uch in the home. They lie upon a bouffant dim doily draping a taboret. Bishop tells us that somebody embroidered the doily. This somebody is the mother of the greasy sons.There are also many other domestic comparisons in her work, such as the reference to ancient wallpaper and tarnished tinfoil in The Fish.The Fish uses many different types of descriptions. Bishops use of both factual, objective vision and aesthetic, subjective imagery is an element of her work which really appealed to me.In contrast to factual description such as rags of green weed hung down there is quite a bit of romanticising such as five haired beard of wisdom. There is also a contrasting link between the fish and roses. in one case again Bishop takes something quite unpleasant and betrays it beautiful. Speckled with barnacles is hardly a pleasant image, much like the skin of the fish hanging off. However Bishops carefully chosen language shows beauty.Bishop also discoverys beauty in the most miserable of scenes. This is clear in The Prodigal. The prodigal lives in a pig sty, he leads a truly disgusting life. However Bishops top executive to find beauty in the most miserable of places shines through. The sunrise gazed the barnyard mud with red.Beauty is discovered through a series of observations in Filling Station. At first glance the filling station is a filthy and thoroughly unpleasant place to be. Oil-soaked, oil-permeated to a disturbing overall black translucency. However she continues to discover more and more about their home and the images become more pleasant. Embroidered with daisy stitch with marguerites.Another interesting theme throughout Bishops work is death. First Death in Nova Scotia deals with a childs first experience of death. The child is younger than five and doesnt understand death. This is showing where she speaks about the stuffed loon. Since Uncle Arthur fired a bullet into him he hadnt said a word. The child doesnt understand what has happened or what wil l happen to little cousin Arthur. She is unfamiliar with coffins and compares his to a little frosted cake because it is small and white. In the final lines of the poem the child becomes frustrated referable to her confusion. barely how could Arthur go and the roads deep in snow?Throughout The Fish the animals life is in the speakers hands. She holds him one-half out of water, while he breathes in the terrible oxygen, the fish is slowly dying in her hands and she must decide whether or not he is worth saving. Ultimately the speaker decides the fish is far too venerable to lose its life. And I let the fish go.The final theme I will look at is survival. This is shown best in The Fish and The Prodigal. The Fish shows that natures creatures are like humans in their ability to obtain and learn from that suffering. The tremendous creature has escaped death at the hands of previous fishermen 5 times. A five haired heard of wisdom trailing from his comprehend jaw. The word wisdom shows that he has become wise from his struggles.The Prodigal shows survival in a different sense. The alcoholic in this poem will outlive anything to maintain his addiction. Surviving in vile conditions to maintain his drinking. The Prodigal also made me question my own attitudes towards addiction, helping me to understand and sympathise with it.Many poems afford attention to the senses. This shows Bishops commitment to detail. This is very strong in The Prodigal. Sound, their little feet and snored smell, the embrown enormous odour touch he leaned to scratch her head and mickle plastered half way up with glass smooth dung.This attention to all our senses is also strong in The Prodigal. Sound, their little feet and snored smell The brown enormous odour touch he leaned to scratch her head and of course sight the sty was plastered halfway up with glass-smooth dungOur senses are also used in Sestina. Sound, rain that beats smell she cuts some bread touch she thinks the house feels chill y and finally sight With crayons the child draws a set house.Bishops concern with every day, ordinary objects also adds to her compelling dedication to detail. This is at the heart of The Fish, Filling Station and First Death in Nova Scotia. As such she allows us to see how wonderfully attractive the world bathroom be if we stop and pay attention to the details.In The Fish for example, Bishop describes a tremendous, fish that she caught. She compares the fishs skin to ancient wallpaper and speaks of the rosettes of lime that she sees. Even the aspects of the fish that she cannot see, his insides and entrails, she describes in intricate detail.Likewise this fascinating attention to detail is also apparent in Filling Station. Standing before an average filling station the poet becomes increasingly curious about the place. Why the extraneous kit and boodle? she wonders.In First Death in Nova Scotia, we discover Bishops commitment to detail was something she possessed even as a young child. Edward, Prince of Wales with Queen Mary.As she tells this poem from her childhood perspective the images are childlike and unusual, however they stay true to her particular technique.This ability of Bishops to see beyond the ordinary, to note and appreciate the wonder in the everyday objects around us is refreshing All of Bishops poetry reveals how time spent observing the world around us can lead to interesting conclusions and insights.Colour is also an appealing quality of her work. There is a lot of colour throughout The Fish, we never go more than a few lines without the next addition of colour. These colours get much more vibrant as the poem progresses, going from his brown skin to decay orange. The steady progression of colour ultimately leads to the exclamation rainbow, rainbow, rainbowIn The Prodigal she mentioned the brown enormous odour. Attaching a colour to the odour strengthens the unbearable stench and I think it creates one of Bishops strongest descriptions. Unlike The Fish, First Death in Nova Scotia, references the same colours repeatedly. Red and white are repeated and references continuously. The rimy lake which the loon sits on is mentioned twice along with frosted cake, white like a doll, and left him white forever. This colour may represent peace or innocence. The child also mentions the loons red eyes twice, as well as a few strokes of red and warm in red. This may represent pain or suffering.There is also reference to colour in Filling Station. The difference here is that Bishop focuses on the lack of definite colour. Greys and blacks make up the scene, Black translucency. The repetition of dirty reinforces this. The lack of colour makes the comics stand out, the scarcely note of certain colour.A common theme throughout all of Bishops work is her ability to reach a conclusion in order to end the poem. Her conclusions include And I let the fish go But it took him a long time finally to make his mind up to go home The child dr aws another inscrutable house and Somebody loves us all. Quite notable there isnt a pleasant ending to First Death in Nova Scotia which reinforces the lack of understanding in the child and her inability to give her cousin a happy ending.What I personally admire most about Bishops work is how much of herself she puts into her poetry.On a deeper level, Filling Station may be about Bishop herself. She missed and longed for a mother figure in her own life. Sadly she and her mother were separated when she was only 5 years old.Sestina deals with the period of time just after the separation. The mother is absent from the scene and she draws a man who we presume is her late father. Then the child puts in a man.The Prodigal represents her problems with alcoholism and was inspired by drinking in a barn. She, like the prodigal, suffered with addiction.First death in Nova Scotia is the only poem where Bishop mentions her mother, showing us she has some memory of her. It is significant that the only poem where she mentions her is one where death and the understanding of death is the central theme.The Fish shows the ability to struggle on and survive, despite all odds. The Fish was like Bishop because it had grown tired of fighting for its life.Bishops poetry displays her need throughout her life to find stability and order. Bishop never outgrew the loss of her mother and the terrible feeling of not belonging.Elizabeth Bishops work is fantastic and compelling, allowing the reader to see into her own life through varied themes and subject matters. Her style of writing is appealing and unusual and thismakes her an incredibly skilled poet. Bishop is honest in her portrayal of her upbringing which is undoubtable very appealing.

Housing and environmental issues Essay

Community development officer CDOs should drop the ability to communicate with a wide run away of people the ability to manage a budget sensitivity in dealing with multi- heathenish issues, much(prenominal) as religion networking skills and a true(p) memory for names and faces the ability to work on their own initiative Commitment to kind inclusion issues. CDOs may work for a local bureau he must also involve public decision in multi ethnical communities housed by the associations. Public involvement in regeneration is widely held to be a good thing.There argon very few who write about or comment on regeneration, however it is defined who do non claim that public involvement is an important if not essential component of effective and successful regeneration. And to a great extent this has been the position in the UK and elsewhere for well over a century. However, there are very few studies that founder set out to measure and to analyse the impact of public involvement . In other words, few researchers have attempted to see what difference it shakes in practice to involve the public and whether any such differences are positive, in the sense datum of being both anticipated and desired.There are, nevertheless, many studies that shed some light on the processes of public involvement and draw conclusions about its impact in specific cases. The conclusion of many of these studies is that public involvement did not work very well in practice it was embarked upon too late insufficient resources were provided to make it effective the local environment was not very conducive and key decisions continued to be shell outn by people not living in the areas affected. The importance of involving the public in attempts to improve and regenerate neighbourhoods has been recognised for many years.However, the consensus around the value and potential benefits of greater public involvement has probably never been stronger, not least because government has put it a t the centre of its plans to modernise both the delivery of public services and the very processes of government. A simple theory of public divorceicipation The political imperatives driving forward the agenda of public corporation are well established, but three stand out at present. First is the belief that participation is intrinsically good and worthwhile, and wherefore more(prenominal) participation is desirable.Second is the growing acknowledgement that many major policy issues do not appear to be capable of obvious resolution they can be termed wicked problems for this reason (Rittel and Weber, 1973). An obvious consequence of this recognition is to take a more open approach to their resolution, in other words to allow a wider range of partners into the arena of policy debate and hence to share the appoint of resolution. Finally, there is a clear belief that greater participation is needed to stem if not reverse the apparent decline in companionable gravid charted by Putnam (2001) and his followers (see DeFilipis, 2001).A slightly broader set of factors can be derived from the wider academic literature where at least four distinct explanations of or excuse for greater public participation in government generally are apparent. Instrumentalist conceptions point to the fact that individuals are the best judges of their own interests and hence by participating in policy debates and political discussions they are best able to articulate and advance these interests. The job of government then lies in the aggregation of individual interests and the balancing of conflicting positions into a plausible public interest.Communitarian conceptions take a different approach and advocate a more collective or affable approach among the participating public, such that a negotiated view of the public interest is provided to kind of than by government. Of course government may then have to perform further rounds of aggregation or even facilitate further rou nds of negotiation or consensus building, but the public plays a more prominent part in the social formulation of their own idea of public interest.In this conception there is some degree of aggregation but government is nonetheless left to aggregate, adjudicate or reconcile the possibly conflicting views of different communities or even coalitions of communities. Educative approaches suggest that public participation helps in develop a more sophisticated understanding of the complexities of policy issues of the ethical dilemmas and the need to make trade-offs for example between price and quality or between the doing of short and long term priorities.Finally, expressive conceptions of participation emphasise the opportunity that political participation gives individuals to express their political identity. Through active campaigning, displaying posters, attending rallies, donating coin or time, one is able to demonstrate to the world at large that fact that one is a feminist, a socialist, a conservative, a nationalist and so on.It is of course important also to bear in mind that political participation can involve much more than voting in periodical elections, or even campaigning in them. Attending meetings about issues of local or international concern and taking part in participatory events such as juries, consensus conferences or citizens juries are also important as is participation in ongoing campaigns or lobbies, again from local (save our school) to global (save our planet) issues.There is something of a paradox here, in that there is plentiful data procurable on formal political involvement in voting, but relatively little available on the more prosaic but nevertheless significant everyday acts of involvement, such as going to meetings or simply engaging socially and perchance politically with ones neighbours (Hoggett and Bishop, 1986).In recent years some regular and extensive surveys have begun to provide valuable data of this type, but it i s still the case that many sophisticated models of community engagement, civic renewal and social capital, have been constructed on flimsy empirical foundations (Prime, Zimmeck & Zurawa, 2002). But to develop a simple model of participation we need to consider in some more detail questions along each of the three main dimensions implied in the expression public participation in planning or policy making.Robert D. Putnam That Western confederation has interpolated dramatically since the middle of the 20th century. There is less agreement about what caused the changes, and whether they have been beneficial. One barometer of change in Western society is the level of social capital (a concept popul hold upd by Robert D. Putnam), which egresss from high levels of investing by citizens in their community.Putnams investigation of American society, Bowling Alone (2000), considers the full range of changes affecting America (and all western societies) declining participation in instituti onal Christianity less involvement in merriment and recreational clubs, politics, charitable causes, and volunteer work and a radical re-shaping of the family though divorce, a lower birth rate, and a disinclination to marry at all.These trends, Putnam argues, result in diminished social capital. Putnams depth psychology of America holds for the three Anglophone members of George W. Bushs coalition of the willing, America, Britain and Australia, and may explain why hawkish, right-wing governments are the peoples choice at the start of the 21st century, despite an unprecedented liberality and inclusiveness byout the second half of the 20th century.Putnam notes a range of factors responsible for civic disengagement suburban sprawl the popularity of television and electronic media changed work patterns, including the large-scale entry of women into the workforce and generational changes resulting in the re sitement of an outstandingly civic generation by several generations Baby Boo mers, Generations X and Y that are less embedded in community brio (p. 275). In the United States, where voting is optional, these developments edit out democracy, and societies with low participation rates tend to become distrustful.Untrusting citizens call for tougher law and order focused governments, resulting in the election of increasingly right-wing political parties. Social capital 1. Definition The concept and theory of social capital dates back to the origins of social science however, recent scholarship has focused on social capital as a subject of social organization and a potential source of value that can be harnessed and converted for strategical and gainful purposes. According to Robert David Putnam, the central premise of social capital is that social networks have value.Social capital refers to the collective value of all social networks and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other. Social capital refers to the institutions, r elationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a societys social interactions. Increasing evidence shows that social gumminess is critical for societies to prosper economically and for development to be sustainable. Social capital is not just the sum of the institutions that underpin a society it is the glue that holds them togetherHowever, social capital may not always be beneficial. Horizontal networks of individual citizens and groups that enhance community productivity and cohesion are said to be positive social capital assets whereas self-serving exclusive gangs and hierarchical patronage systems that operate at cross purposes to communitarian interests can be thought of as minus social capital burdens on society. 2. History of the research on the concept Robert David Putnam, if not the first one to write on the issue, is considered as the major occasion on the concept of social capital.He is a U. S. political scientist and professor at Harvard University, a nd is well-known for his writings on civic engagement and civil society along with social capital. However, his work is concentrated on the United States only. His most famous (and controversial) work, Bowling Alone, argues that the United States has undergone an unprecedented collapse in civic, social, associational, and political life (social capital) since the 1960s, with serious negative consequences.Though he measured this decline in data of many varieties, his most striking point was that virtually every tralatitious civic, social, and fraternal organization had undergone a massive decline in membership. From his research, a working group has formed at Harvard University and is called Saguaro Seminar. Most definitions around the social capital concept, notably those used by the World Bank, come from Putnams work and this research. 3. Measuring social capital The Saguaro Seminar, in the continuation of Putnams work, has been elaborating various means to measure the level of so cial capital in different contexts.It says on its website that measurement of social capital is important for the three spare-time activity reasons (a) Measurement helps make the concept of social capital more tangible for people who find social capital difficult or abstract (b) It increases our investment in social capital in a performance-driven era, social capital will be relegated to second-tier status in the allocation of resources, unless organizations can show that their community-building efforts are showing results and (c) Measurement helps funders and community organizations build more social capital.Everything that involves any human interaction can be asserted to create social capital, but the real question is does it build a significant amount of social capital, and if so, how much? Is a specific part of an organizations effort worth continuing or should it be scrapped and revamped? Do mentoring programs, playgrounds, or sponsoring block parties lead more typically to greater social capital creation? Measuring social capital Towards a theoretically informed measurement framework for researching social capital in family and community life. by Wendy Stone. Research paper no.24, Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2001, 38p, ISBN 0 642 39486 5 To inform the Institutes Families, Social Capital and Citizenship project, this paper contributes to the development of clear links between theorised and empirical understandings of social capital by establishing a theoretically informed measurement framework for empirical investigation of social capital and reviewing existing measures of social capital in light of this framework. The paper concludes with a statement of guiding principles for the measurement and empirical investigation of social capital in family and community life.Social Capital as Credit Social capital, or aggregate reputation, is a form of credit. Some formal transactions can be supported by social capital. escaped transactions are rar ely underpinned by financial credit or legal agreement and instead rely entirely social capital. We all have our internal calculators keeping tacit track of who is doing wrong and who is doing right, the health of the relationships and adjusting our actuarial tables according to experience. While undertaking government activities environment problems should also be considered. As it has became a global issue we need to take care of everything. globalisation and heathen identity It is fair to say that the impact of globalization in the cultural sphere has, most generally, been viewed in a pessimistic light. Typically, it has been associated with the destruction of cultural identities, victims of the accelerating encroachment of a homogenized, westernized, consumer culture. This view, the constituency for which extends from (some) academics to anti-globalization activists (Shepard and Hayduk 2002), tends to interpret globalization as a seamless reference work of indeed, as a euphem ism for western cultural imperialism.In this discussion which follows we approach this claim with a good deal of skepticism. we will not seek to turn away the obvious power of globalized capitalism to distribute and promote its cultural goods in every corner. Nor will we take up the argument now very commonly made by critics of the cultural imperialism thesis (Lull 2000 Thompson 1995 Tomlinson 1991) that a deeper cultural impact cannot be easily inferred from the presence of such goods.What we will try to argue is something more specific that cultural identity, properly understood, is much more the product of globalization than its victim. Identity as Treasure To begin, let us sketch the implicit (for it is commonly implicit) reasoning behind the assumption that globalization destroys identities. Once upon a time, before the era of globalization, there existed local, autonomous, distinct and well-defined, robust and culturally sustaining connections between geographical place a nd cultural experience.These connections constituted ones and ones communitys cultural identity. This identity was something people simply had as an collected existential possession, an inheritance, a benefit of traditional long dwelling, of continuity with the past. Identity, then, like language, was not just a description of cultural belonging it was a clear of collective treasure of local communities. But it was also discovered to be something fragile that needed protecting and preserving that could be lost.Into this world of manifold, discrete, but to various degrees vulnerable, cultural identities there suddenly burst (apparently around the middle of the 1980s) the corrosive power of globalization. Globalization, so the story goes, has swept like a flood tide through the worlds diverse cultures, destroying stable localities, displacing peoples, bringing a market-driven, branded homogenization of cultural experience, thus obliterating the differences between locality-defined cultures which had constituted our identities.Though globalization has been judged as involving a general process of loss of cultural diversity, some of course did better, some worse out of this process. Identity as Cultural Power allow us begin with identity, a concept which surely lies at the heart of our contemporary cultural imagination. It is not, in fact, difficult in the prolific literature of analysis of the concept to find positions which contest the story of identity as the victim of globalization. Identity and Institutional ModernityThis brings the central claim that globalization actually proliferates rather than destroys identities. In this respect we depart somewhat from Castellss position in setting identity as a sort of autonomous cultural dynamic, inflate up from the grassroots as an oppositional force to globalization, Castells really fails to see the rather compelling inner logic between the globalization process and the institutionalized construction of identi ties. This, in other way, lies in the nature of the institutions of modernity that globalization distributes.To put the matter simply globalization is really the globalization of modernity, and modernity is the harbinger of identity. It is a common assumption that identity-formation is a universal feature of human experience. Castells seems implicitly to take this view when he writes Identity is peoples source of signification and experience (1997 6). But whilst it is true that the construction of meaning via cultural practices is a human universal, it does not follow that this invariably takes the form of identity construction as we currently understand it in the global-modern West.This form of ethnocentric assumption has been recently criticized both by anthropologists and media and cultural critics. Globalization and Modernity To appreciate this, it is necessary to take a more complex view of the globalization process than is often adopted certainly in the polemical discourses of the anti-globalization movement, where globalization is essentially understood as the globalization of capitalism, achieved in its cultural aspect via a complicate western dominated media system.This more complex, multidimensional conceptualization, which views globalization as operating simultaneously and interrelated in the economic, technological-communicational, political and cultural spheres of human life, is in fact relatively un-contentious at least in principle within academic discourses.But the cultural implication, rather less easily swallowed by some, is that globalization involves not the simple enforced distribution of a particular western (say, liberal, secular, possessive-individualist, capitalist-consumerist) lifestyle, but a more complicated dissemination of the entire range of institutional features of cultural modernity.ReferencesPutnam, R (2001) Bowling Alone the collapse and revival of American community, Touchstone, London Tomlinson, J (1999) Globalisatio n and culture, Policy Press, Cambridge Social capital http//www. jrc. es/home/report/english/articles/vol85/ICT4E856. htm http//www. envplan. com/ http//www. infed. org/thinkers/putnam. htm http//www. naturaledgeproject. net/NAON_ch11. aspx

Elements of Literature Essay

Many literary productions students be expected to be familiar with the basic terms listed below (and discussed in more depth in your text). Keep this study guide with your text. At the beginning of each interlingual rendition assignment, write the elements of literary productions pertaining to the particular type of books at the beginning of the short story or rime. After reading, define them in your text for class discussion, quizzes, and test preparation. To understand literature, it is necessary that you ask yourself sealed questions, such(prenominal) as what is the fundament of this story? or why does the author use this particular type of tomography? You ar not needs reading for pleasurealthough it is sincerely hoped you will derive pleasure from your assignmentsbut for the development of critical analysis skills, so observe the authors style and pattern carefully. Short Stories/Novel ThemeThe creative thinker or point of a story formulated as a generalization. I n Ameri lav literature, several themes are evident which reflect and define our society. The dominant ones might be innocence/experience, life/death, appearance/reality, free will/fate, madness/sanity, love/hate, society/individual, cognize/unknown.Themes may know a single, instead of a dual nature as well. The theme of a story may be a mid-life crisis, or imagination, or the duality of humankind (contra expressions). CharacterImaginary people created by the writer. Perhaps the most important element of literature. ProtagonistMajor character at the center of the story. AntagonistA character or force that opposes the protagonist. Minor character0ften provides support and illuminates the protagonist. Static characterA character who remains the same. fighting(a) characterA character who changes in few important way. CharacterizationThe means by which writers reveal character. Explicit persuasionNarrator gives facts and interpretive comment. Implied JudgmentNarrator gives de scription reader make the judgment. Look for Connections, links, and steers amid and astir(predicate) characters. Ask yourself what the function and significance of each character is. Make this determination ground upon the characters history, what the reader is told (and not told), and what other characters say about themselves and others. PlotThe show of ideas and/or incidents that make up a story. Causality oneness event occurs because of another(prenominal) event. ForeshadowingA suggestion of what is going to happen. SuspenseA sense of worry gear uped by the author. ConflictStruggle among opposing forces. ExpositionBackground nurture regarding the setting, characters, plot. Complication or Rising ActionIntensification of conflict. CrisisTurning point moment of great tension that fixes the action. Resolution/ mishapThe way the story turns out. StructureThe design or form of the completed action. Often provides clues to character and action. Can even philosophic both y mirror the authors intentions, especially if it is unusual.Look for Repeated elements in action, gesture, dialogue, description, as well as shifts in direction, focus, time, place, etc. SettingThe place or location of the action, the setting provides the diachronic and cultural context for characters. It often can symbolize the emotional state of characters. Point of ViewAgain, the point of view can sometimes indirectly establish the authors intentions. Point of view pertains to who tells the story and how it is told. NarratorThe person telling the story. First-personNarrator participates in action but sometimes has limited fellowship/vision. ObjectiveNarrator is unnamed/unidentified (a detached observer). Does not assume characters perspective and is not a character in the story. The storyteller reports on events and lets the reader supply the meaning. OmniscientAll-knowing narrator (multiple perspectives). The narrator darts us into the character and can evaluate a charact er for the reader (editorial omniscience). When a narrator allows the reader to make his or her own judgments from the action of the characters themselves, it is called neutral omniscience. Limited omniscientAll-knowing narrator about one or ii characters, but not all.Language and StyleStyle is the verbal identity of a writer, oftentimes based on the authors use of diction (word extract) and syntax (the order of words in a sentence). A writers use of language reveals his or her touch, or the attitude toward the subject matter. chaffA contrast or discrepancy between one thing and another. Verbal ironyWe understand the opposite of what the speaker says. Irony of Circumstance or Situational IronyWhen one event is expected to occur but the opposite happens. A discrepancy between what overhear the appearance _or_ semblances to be and what is. Dramatic IronyDiscrepancy between what characters know and what readers know. Ironic VisionAn overall tone of irony that pervades a work, suggesting how the writer views the characters. Poetry AllegoryA form of narrative in which people, places, and events seem to have hidden meanings. Often a retelling of an older story. ConnotationThe implied meaning of a word. DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word. DictionWord choice and usage (for example, formal vs. informal), as determined by considerations of audience and purpose. Figurative LanguageThe use of words to suggest meanings beyond the literal. Thither are a number of figures of speech.Some of the more common ones are MetaphorMaking a comparison between un homogeneous things without the use of a verbal clue (such as like or as). SimileMaking a comparison between unlike things, using like or as. overstatementExaggeration PersonificationEndowing inanimate objects with human characteristics ImageryA concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling, or an idea which appeals to one or more of our senses. Look for a pattern of imagery. Tactile imager ysense of touch. Aural imagerysense of hearing. Olfactory imagerysense of smell. Visual imagerysense of sight. Gustatory imagerysense of taste. Rhythm and MeterRhythm is the pulse or beat in a line of poetry, the regular payoff of an accent or stress. Meter is the measure or patterned count of a poetry line (a count of the stresses we feel in a poems rhythm). The unit of poetic quantify in English is called a foot, a unit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables. Ask yourself how the rhythm and meter affects the tone and meaning. SoundDo the words rhyme? Is there alliteration (repetition of consonants) or assonance (repetition of vowels)? How does this affect the tone?StructureThe pattern of organization of a poem. For example, a sonnet is a 14-line poem usually pen in iambic pentameter. Because the sonnet is strictly constrained, it is considered a closed or fixed form. An abrupt or free form is a poem in which the author uses a looser form, or perhaps one of his or her own invention. It is not necessarily formless. SymbolismWhen objects or actions mean more than themselves. SyntaxSentence coordinate and word order. Voice Speaker and ToneThe voice that conveys the poems tone its implied attitude toward its subject. Elements of Literature.Literature is a reflection of the society. A writer appeals to our feelings, emotions through various elements of literature, such as plot, character, theme, etc. Read more to know about the elements of literature. We can summarize literature in the words of Ezra Pound that great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree. all(prenominal) race has its own literature, for example, English literature, American literature, German literature, etc. Various types of literaturesuch as story, impudent and drama delight us through the elements of literature. In literature, theme is important to reveal the story.An author depicts the ups and downs of the protagonist with the help of characterization. The story progresses through various plots. There are prologues and epilogues in Shakespearean drama. Facts on Elements of Literature Elements of literature denote the things that are utilize to make up a work of literature. There are different types and forms of literature. They are novel, drama, poetry, biography, non- manufacturingal prose, essay, epic and short story. All these types of literature have some elements. To complete a piece of literature, a writer, dramatist or a novelist need to use certain elements like plot, character, theme, etc.However, elements of fiction and elements of drama differ from elements of poetry. These elements are discussed below Elements of Fiction and Drama Literary types such as fiction drama and short story have some elements. These include Plot Character Setting Theme Structure Point of view Conflict Diction Foreshadowing Plot Plot is the serial arrangement of incidents, ideas or events. In literature , the plot encompasses all the incidents and provides aesthetic pleasure. The story of the novel progresses through various plots and conflicts. Plots of dramas are divided into Acts and Scenes.Drama has five essential parts. These are Introduction of the story where the characters and setting are introduced Rising action Climax Falling action Denouement Playwrights use dialogue to develop their plots. They reveal information about their characters such as their background and personality. Character Character plays a pivotal role in a drama, novel, short story and all kinds of narratives. In drama, character reflects the personality of the protagonist and other related characters. The method of conveying information about characters in art is called characterization.Characters can be fictional or based on real, historical entities. It can be human, supernatural, mythical, divine, animal or personifications of an abstraction. There are round characters, flat characters, stereoty pical stock characters, etc. In Marlowes drama The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, Faustus is the main character of the play. Setting It refers to geographical location of the story, time period, daily lifestyle of the characters and climate of the story. In a novel, the setting plays an important role. In short stories, sometimes it plays an important role, while for others it is not.Settings of literary forms have been changing according to theme of the literary piece, for example, Shakespeares tragedies and comedies have the setting of palaces, castles whereas modern and post-modern dramas have setting of houses of common people. There were supernatural elements in earlier literature and nowadays absurdity rules the literature. Setting can take place in a house, school, castle, forest, hospital or anywhere that the writers want to extend their scenes. Theme Theme is another prime element of literature, which contains the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short story.It reflects innocence, experience, life, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc. Thus, it reflects the society as a whole, for example, the theme of Hardys novel The Mayor of Casterbridge reflects the role of fate in our life. Likewise, in a drama, theme represents the brief idea of the drama. Structure Structure is another important element of a drama, novel or short story. In dramas, there are plots and subplots. These also are divided into acts and scenes. here the contrasting subplots give the main plot an supererogatory perspective.Likewise, novels have different chapters and scenes. Point of view Point of view is another element of the narrative, through which a writer tells the story. Authors use first-person point of view or third-person point of view. First-person point of view indicates that the main character is telling the story, whereas the third-person point of view directs that the narrator is telling the story. A novel can be written in the first-person narrative, third-person narrative, omniscient point of view, limited omniscient point of view, stream of consciousness and objective point of view.These points of view play an important role in the distinct structure of the story or a play. Conflict Be it a short story, drama or novel, conflict is the essential element of all these literary forms. A plot becomes interesting and intriguing when it has its share of inbuilt conflict and twists. Conflict can be internal conflict or external. It can take place between two men, between the character and his psychology, between the character and circumstances or between character and society. Use of language or diction Diction is another essential element of drama.A playwright exhibits the thoughts of characters through dialogue. Dialogue has come from the Greek word dialogosa which means conversation. Shakespeare used this to portray the thoughts, emotions and feelings of the character. This also provid es clues to their background and personalities. Diction also helps in advancing the plot. Greek philosophers like Aristotle used dialogue as the best way to drill their students. Foreshadowing Foreshadowing is another important element of literature that is applied as hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.It creates scruple and encourages the reader to go on and find out more about the event that is being foreshadowed. Foreshadowing is used to make a narrative more authentic. Elements of Poetry Poetry is literature in a metrical form. However, free-verse became the popular style towards the modern and post modern age. Like fiction, it may not have plots, setting, etc, yet it has a structured method of writing. There are various kinds of poetry such as ballad, sonnet, etc. All these forms have some elements such as style, theme, rhyme, rhythm, metaphor, etc. that are described belowStyle Style refers to the way the poem is written. Poems are written in vari ous styles, such as free verse, ballad, sonnet, etc. , which have different meters and number of stanzas. Symbol Symbol represents the idea and thought of the poem. It can be an object, person, situation or action. For example, a national flag is the symbol of that nation. Theme Like other forms of literature, poetry has a theme of its own. Theme contains the message, point of view and idea of the poem. Imagery Imagery is another important element that a poet often uses in poems that appeal to our senses. In the age of modernism, T.S. Eliot used images of urban life in his poems. Wordsworth used nature as poetic images in his poems. Rhyme and rhythm Rhyme is an element that is often used in poetry. Its a recurrence of an accented sound or sounds in a piece of literature. Poets and lyricists use this device in various ways to rhyme within a verse. There is internal rhyme, cross rhyme, stochastic rhyme and mixed rhyme. It gives the poem flow and rhythm. It contains the syllables in a poem. Every poem has a rhythm in it. Its about how the words run across with each other, how the words flow when they are linked with one another in a poem.Meter This is an important rhythmic structure of poetry. It is described as sequence of feet, each foot being a specific series of syllable types such as stressed/unstressed and makes the poetry more melodious. head rhyme Alliteration is another element used in poetry for the sound effect. It indicates two or more words with same repetition of initial letter, for example, dressy daffodils. Here the sound of the letter d is repeated. Simile A simile is a figure of speech used for comparison in the poetry with the words like or as, for example, as black as coal.Metaphor Metaphor is used in poetry to make an implicit comparison. Unlike simile, here the comparison is implied, for example, Her laughter, a babbling brook. Onomatopoeia This is one important element of poetry, which refers to words that sound like their meaning, for example, buzz, moo and paw. Element of literature includes all the elements that are essential to create a piece of literature. These elements help a writer to create splendid poetry, superb drama and soul-touching novel. These elements are used to form the structure of a literary piece.

Film Analysis-Spartacus, Full Metal Jacket

Having viewed in class five of Stanley Kubricks films and a documentary about him, a decent consciousness of Kubricks process and vision is learnt the two films Spartacus and fully Metal capital were the most inspirational and significan films of the bunch. Spartacus is about a rebellious (slave of the same name) purchased by Lentulus Batiatus, witnesser of a school for gladiators. For the entertainment of corrupt Roman senator Marcus Licinius Crassus, Batiatus gladiators contest to the death.On the night before the event, the enslaved are treated with female companionship. Spartacus refuses to engage with Varinia, a slave from Brittania, and they form a sturdy kinship. When Spartacus later learns that Varinia has been sold to Crassus, along with the murders of his brothers (the slaves forced to fight), this ignites a burning desire inside him, a yearning to seek freedom. He leads fellow gladiators in revolt, and they flee out of Italy collecting m wizy as they go, in order to buy sea transportation from the pirates of Cilicia.They are united by additional runaways, which interpret the rogue slaves into a colossal phalanx escaping to join his cause is Varinia, who has f every last(predicate)en in love with Spartacus, and Antoninus. Crassus bribes the pirates to cast away Spartacus and pushes them toward Rome, were panic that Spartacus means to attack the city, causes the Senate to give Crassus absolute power. In the battle, most of the slave army is killed by Crassus forces. Afterward, when the Romans try to locate Spartacus, every surviving man shields him by shouting Im Spartacus Varinia and her new boy are held prisoner by Crassus who forces Spartacus to fight Antoninus to the death, the survivor is to be crucified, along with every last(predicate) the other men captured by and by the battle. Spartacus wins the match and is crucified, this leaves Spartacus with the potential to be dress a martyr. Batiatus rescues Spartacus family from Crassus an d carries them away to freedom. Varinia is able to comfort him in his dying moments by rendering him his little son, who will grow up without ever having been a slave. The movie was created to depict the barbarian and unforgiving Roman Empire and the hardships the number slave could endure every day.It also shows anti slavery propaganda and the story not only of ones mans quest to revolt against his oppressors and to trick up up from a state of disempowerment, barely more than importantly it is a story which offers promise and specialism to mankind. The moment of sacrifice is a dominant theme in the film and is essential to the idea of Spartacus character. throw is first seen before the revolt when the Draba, after defeating Spartacus in battle, refuses to kill Spartacus and instead sacrifices himself by attempting to attack Crassus. It this act inspires Spartacusand his actions for the rest of the film.Spartacus also proclaims during the film that everything he has done w ill be a success if his son can be born free, regardless of whether Spartacus is killed or not. In the final act of sacrifice Spartacus is crucified, sacramental manduction similarities with Jesus and his sacrifice for all mankind. Associated with sacrifice is the fight for freedom. Sacrifice is knowing that there might be a point were things must be used for the greater good and dying is a possibility, age fighting for freedom is having the courage to stand up for beliefs, never backing down and starting the thrust to end oppression.This is shown when Spartacus is crucified, becoming a martyr and thus creating his legend. The path to freedom is the one goal that all the slaves had in common the thing that kept them united and strong. It gave them the strentgh to continue their journey and put everything on the line, with hope for the future as the backbone of their fighting spirit. This is put in the film to show the power that one man can create when uniting people under a comm on goal. In our orderliness freedom is everything, without it we would all be the same, with no individuality or passion, not truly existence alive.This helps the hearing relate to the slaves and form a connection with them as they too would be quite upset if they were in the same coditions. The film takes a strong grimace at political lobbying and the corruption of goverment. In our golf club many feel as if the goverment tries to control and limit their freedoms, while the poloticians are greedy and many dont come through on the promises they perform. They are seen as untrustworthy and unhelpful causeing many to try to take actions into their own hands. The film shows how people of political status abused their power and used any means to hit their goals.This is shown constantly throught out the film, one example is how Crassus and his rival Gracchus fight over control of the Roman army when the Roman Senate sees Spartacus and crew as a threat. Gracchus own protege, a young Julius Caesar goes over to Crassus, when Gracchus reveals that he has bribed the Cilicians to ca-ca Spartacus out of Italy and rid Rome of the slave army. Kubrick wanted to show modern people how Romes republic and upperclasses were lots more cutthroat and savage than our own, save at the same time not that dissimilar to the average modern poloticians in todays world.Some people may view Spartacus and frown upon the savage slavery and brutality of the antique world, but the fight for freedom from oppression and the common man rising to greatness through intrepidity is something that will forever be remember and celebrated by all cultures. The second film Full Metal Jacket begins by following a platoon of Marine Corps recruits, focusing on the relationship between Sergeant Hartman and Privates Pyle and Joker. The second chapter continues with Joker, and how he joined the Corps to become a killer, but is mostly behind the scenes, as a combat correspondent.This is interupted when the Tet offensive puts him in real combat and tests him on his real worth as a soilder, and if he really is a killer. Full Metal Jacket demonstrates the psychological break down of the soilders, as seen with the transformation of the character Pvt. Pyle. He comes to the Marine Corps as a naive, harmless young man who is guided by the belief that he is serving his country. payable to his failings of performing the tasks presented to him, he is constantly verbally and physically insulted by the utilisation instructor, Sgt.Hartman. Along with the torment from his drill instructor Pyle recieves additional abuse from his fellow recrits, beauase of the punishments they recieve due to his failures. In retaliation, the platoon hazes Pyle with a blanket party, restraining him to his bunk and trouncing him with bars of soap wrapped in towels. Joker, the Pvt. Squad leader, seeks to help Pyle, but as Pyle starts to become more productive, Joker recognizes signs of mental breakdown in Pyle, s uch as him talking to his M14 rifle.The internal struggle in the mind, is a characteristic of every human being, one that all can relate to. Humans all contain that good verses evil, that little devil on the left shoulder and the angle on the right. Kubrick uses this to make the audience sympathetic towards Pyle, but also for them to really think about what the story is trying to show and how this also plays a role in their lives. Private Joker had on his helmet Born to kill but on his uniform he had a stillness symbol.This was an incredible symbolic representation of the film because it was on the button what Kubrick was trying to establish in the audiences minds the change in ones mind during war and the struggle that continues to take come during war between good and evil were represented between the born to kill on his helmet and the peace symbol on his chest. Joker can be seen as another victim of war, due to his being inthe back, when he finally kills someone, he achieves t he thousand-yard stare, a limp, unfocused gaze of a battle-weary soldier.The film is successful in providing a perspective glance at the trials of a soldier. Like with most war movies, it relies heavely on unchewable imagery the film also adds the sense of thereness at boot camp, the sickening feeling from the sight of idle bodies, and the perspective from an enemy sniper. They force you to look at the world and dont let you look away, or pretend, when things are gruesome, or violent, or terrible. Full Metal Jacket examines the morality of war and soldiers existence.This was significant because it showed one how much the United States Military officials had to change ones mind set and character to be able to fight and kill men, women and children who were just defending their country in a country that no one was used to and that some did not even know was there. The audience leaves the film with Kubricks selective gingersnap of the Marine Corps and of Vietnam, hopefully with som e sense of a soldiers reaction to it all.

A Civilized Society

A Civilized confederacy What is the meaning of a companionship? A historian might asseverate a society is a group of people living in an ordered community that has a hierarchy. An adult might say that a society is a community of people that gather in certain jobs and a community that has schools for their children to go to. A child might non even know what the meaning of society is. Their answers differ because on that point is non a book pen in history that clearly defines what a society is. exclusively when society is narrowed down into civilized society, it is here that agreements be distinguished.Most people agree that the time and gravel they live in at this present moment is civilized, even though spirits are relieve call backd in. This also means that time periods that are not con casered civilized in at onces terms, are considered civilized to the people living in that time period. In the book Beowulf, a book written in the seventh or eight century by an anonymo us author, there are cardinal societies, the Danes, who reside in Denmark, and the Geats, who reside in s come onhern Sweden.This book is named after a person not surprisingly, this person is named Beowulf, a Geat who later becomes the king of the Geats. The Anglo-Saxon society in the book Beowulf is civilized because they deal in monsters and their leaders and group members have clear expectations. One might be surprised that a civilized society believes in monsters, however, even societies today believe in monsters through television. Societies today establish horror movies purely for entertainment however, it is a known fact that the monsters in the horror movies are not real.On that note, the anonymous author of Beowulf may have written the book purely for the entertainment of his people, all the spot knowing that monsters do not exist, after all, it is probably the closest thing his society has to watching a horror movie. Grendel, the first monster Beowulf fights, is concei ved by a pair of those monsters born of Cain (105-106). This is physically impossible because Cain is a benevolent and Grendel is an actual monster in the book.Another fact that Beowulf was written for entertainment purposes is the fact that the author uses prisonbreak of disbelief, meaning that the readers believe things that are impossible in real for the sake of enjoying the book. For example, Beowulf sank through the waves(1495) for hours(1495) to fight Grendels mother, the mighty water witch (1519). This is an example of suspension of disbelief because it is physically impossible for a human to swim under water for hours without breathing.The Anglo-Saxon society is a civilized society because while todays society creates horror movies for entertainment, the author creates the book, Beowulf, for the entertainment of his people. As stated above, a society is a community of people that have certain jobs they must perform. This definition of a society is a divisor of what a ci vilized society is. In Anglo-Saxon culture, a leader and his comitatus have clear expectations. In todays society, a leader leads the country and commands his people through the office of the prime minister.However, a leader in Anglo-Saxon culture does a little more than leading his country and dominating his people. In the book, Beowulf, there are two main leaders Hrothgar (a Danish king) and Beowulf. These two leaders have the responsibility of bringing glory for their country. When Hrothgar took the throne after his father, he led the Danes to such glory that comrades and kinsmen swore by his sword (65-66). Beowulf brings glory to his country by killing Grendel, the beast that has been haunting Herot for a long time, and by killing Grendels mother, the mighty water witch (1519). Then when Beowulf becomes the king of Geatland, he held it long and nearly (2208). As a leader has responsibilities, group members also have their responsibilities. In todays society, they are responsib le of helping each other, but sometimes they do not always carry out the task. However, a comitatus in Anglo-Saxon society have the responsibility of helping the leader when he take help. There was only one comitatus in Beowulf and they are Beowulfs men. Beowulfs comitatus are by his side during his three actions. However, Beowulfs comitatus was right away available to help him in one out of the three battles.During the battle with Grendel, all of Beowulfs/Band had jumped from their beds, ancestral/Swords raised and ready(795-796). This is only battle that Beowulfs comitatus is readily available in to help. During Beowulfs battle with Grendels mother, the Danes left the swamp thinking Beowulf had died, but the Geats stayed, sit sadly, watching,/Imagining they saw their lord but not believing/ They would ever call in him again(1602-1603). It is here that we start to see that the role of the comitatus start to change because the comitatus are at shore while Beowulf was under wat er, so, if Beowulf eeded their help, they would not be able to help him. In Beowulfs last battle, the battle against the flying dragon, none of his comrades/ Came to him, helped him (2596-2597) when Beowulf could not fight the dragon alone, they also ran away for their lives. At this point in the story, the role of a comitatus is no more. The Anglo-Saxon society is civilized only when the leaders and team members, the comitatus, carry out responsibilities. The Anglo-Saxon society is civilized because they believe in monsters through stories, and their leaders and comitatus have responsibilities, although sometimes the comitatus do not perform their responsibility.It is because they do not perform their duty in the battle with the dragon that the shape up of warriors ends. One can argue that the age of warriors is a civilized time period, however, when the comitatus ran away from the battle, it is there that signs of an uncivilized civilization is seen. Therefore, it can be verbal ise that now the giving of swords, of golden/ Rings and rich estates, is over,/ Ended for you and everyone who shares/ Your blood when the brave Geats hear/ How you bolted and ran none of your race/ Will have anything left but their lives(2884-2888).

Goodbye, Superboy: a Fond Farewell to the Last Romantic Essay

MANILA, August 21, 2003 (STAR) BY THE WAY By Max V. So make itn Much has been written roughly Ninoy Aquino, whose name needs no introduction to many of our readers. Commuters pass by his statue daily on Ayala way in Makatis Golden Mile, and a nonher monument to him in Manila. But monuments and statues, and glowing encomiums do not a hero make. But my thesis is that today, Ninoy is a forgotten hero. There was so much male plug in the first halcyon old age after the land of the tyrant Ferdinand E. Marcos, and too many cockeyed celebrations, with excessive hoopla, of each succeeding anniversary of the EDSA people power revolution (and then an EDSA II, and, sanamagan, even an EDSA triple so-called) that the man whose heroism and sacrifice stimulated not merely the first people power barricades, besides a national upsurge I prefer to call The Spirit of 1986 has been forgotten. These days, in fact, the Filipino animate has been dampened, our self-confidence crushed under the wei ght of each revealed inequity, and tales of resurgent corruption, graft, vaulting dreaming plus the scurrilous debacle of a contrived escape of the Jemaah Islamiyah mad-bomber, Fathur Rohman al-Ghozi, from police prison.This is a time for us to remember a man who believed the Filipino was worth dying for, and from him gather the renewed resolve that the Filipino is worth life-time for, as well. But permit us not sound maudlin. Ninoy would check laughed at such unenviable sentimentality. When he was sent by the old Manila Times to cover the Korean War (the fiftieth anniversary of whose conclusion was just commemorated some weeks ago) he was 17, the youngest correspondent of them all. The Times editors Dave Boguslav and Joe Bautista had spotted that gung ho quality in Aquino that was to rocket him to fame and, in the end, impel him remorselessly to his final rendezvous with treachery at the Manila International Airport. Ninoy was a hard- liftd newspaperman, and what set him ap art from so many others was precisely his nose for the news. He had an eidetic memory for facts, figures and detail. You get the facts, Dave Boguslav told him when he sent him off to war, and Ill take worry of the grammar. Ninoy delivered and a star reporter was born. Ninoy paid his dues as newsman.He took risks where others preferred to be prudent. For him life was a great adventure and a short and glorious life better than a long and silent wizard. God granted him his wish. Everyone has already written a torrent of words about how Ninoy had been a upstart Man in a Hurry. He became the youngest town mayor just a shade nonaged the youngest deputy governor, then governor, the youngest Senator (he almost topped the polls, coming in slightly behind late his comprobinsyano, Tarlacs elder Sen. Jose J. Roy). If a free election had been held in 1973 ( besides martial law intervened and dashed that prospect), Ninoy whose only competition in his own Liberal Party was the late Senate President Gerry Roxas would almost certainly have been choose president. Aquino had that golden tongue to which every politician aspires, but with which only a few ar gifted. It goes beyond rhetoric or eloquence on the entablado a strange power to move find outts, provoke laughter, move in loyalty and affection, whip a crowd up to a frenzy and the fervor of a crusade, inspire hope in listeners miserably perched in the brink of desp business.Ninoy was so eloquent in English, Tagalog, Kapampangan, and even Ilocano (his native-born Tarlac, after all, is a province of three dialects) that he was charge of glibness. He was dubbed Superboy, partly in admiration, political party in derision. It took martial law and cruel imprisonment to make us realize that the Boy had constrain a Man. By a quirk of fate, I was assigned to be his cellmate in the maximum hostage compound of Fort Bonifacio when we were arrested as subversives in September 1972. Out of the 400 prisoners crammed in to the Camp Crame gym, after we had been picked up between midnight and dawn, 11 of us were singled out by name and told by a colonel to step forward.Ninoy had nudged me cheerfully in the ribs and exclaimed in a stage whisper, Eto na, eto na Firing squad na tayo. (This is it, this is it. Were handout to the Firing Squad). Yet, they didnt shoot us. They trucked us instead to Fort Bonifacio, where they sent a military chaplain to hear our confessions thus reinforcing our conviction that we were to be executed. Once more, we were disappointed. All throughout, it was Ninoy, who surely realized he was the number one target, Marcos favorite bete noir, the dictators pet nemesis, tried to cheer us all up. The days of internment stretched into weeks, the weeks into months. Nobody who has never been in prison can understand what you rear from is simply being caged you suffer from the uncertainty of it all, and from boredom. You never know when your military jailors, who have the power of life and death over you, give drag you out and shoot you, at any moment of day or night. After a while, the world outside becomes a memory you begin to forget that at that place are streets with people and vehicles in them, and noise, and hustle and bustle, and bright colors and pretty girls. One gray day follows the other and you learn to live from one day to the next. Yet, I wasnt bored, because I had Ninoy to entertain me. We talked, we read.We swapped ideas, jokes, argued ideologies. We dreamed dreams. We went jogging during the exercise hour and steeled ourselves to run a mile in seven minutes. It was then that I realized that Ninoy Aquino, for all his wit, his air of bright cynicism, and his veneer of tough political pragmatism, was an incurable romantic. He had visions of the Filipino rising up to overthrow any tyranny. He had pinned his hopes on the Filipinos love of freedom and his will to resist every coercion or seduction. He had faith in the Filipino. At nightfall, the soldiers many of them Ilocanos would come to our barracks-prison and Ninoy would regale them with stories of the Korean War. Or the Vietnam War, which we had both covered. We would talk of the Huk campaign, which we also had covered. Ninoys spellbinding recollections were so mesmerizing that after a week or so I had warned him Watch out brod. You will soon be accused of conducting teach-ins.Those guards are beginning to like us too much. Sure enough, after three weeks, we found a notice on our bulletin board. The guards had all been replaced. The notice express Our guests (yep, thats what they called us at the Bonifacio Hilton) are requested not to talk to the guards who have been ordered not to talk to them. You see, you see, I chided Ninoy. Those poor fellows have been sent to the battlefront in Mindanao, just because they laughed at your jokes When this writer and the rest of us were released, Ninoy and the late Pepe Diokno were odd behind, but in separate barracks. Ninoy spent seven years and seven months in solitary confinement. On the front page youll find a photograph of the two of us weapon system in arm with each other. This was taken when he was allowed home at last under heavy guard for a brief Christmas leave after seven years in jail. We hugged each other at the accounting entry of his Times Street home in Quezon City Max, Max, he laughed.How right you were. I thought I would be out in six months or a year because the people would demand for my freedom, but you were the one who told me to dig in for the long haul I remember you said from five years to 10 years. But you know, prison has been good for me. I have had time to think, to read, to formulate my ideology, to find God. What is ambition? Its nothing. I have put all ambition away all we must scramble for is for our people to be happy, and to be free. We talked about proposing a formula for a return to free elections to Marcos. He had written Marcos a letter, he said, suggesting national reconciliation. Everybody knows the rest. Aquino, after his two-week furlough, went back to his lonely prison. He suffered a cheek attack.Worried about international reaction, particularly the reproof of the American government (although President Ronald Reagan and Nancy were good friends of Macoy and Imelda) they let Ninoy go off to Texas, and exile, for an emergency heart operation. We warned him not to return. I told him, They will kill you. But on Aug. 21, 1983, a Sunday, he came home to die in his own country. In a last oppugn with Radio Veritas, Aquino had declared Kamatayan lamang ang makapipigil sa akin (Only death could stop me from coming home). Most politicians bet on a sure thing. Ninoy gambled on the goodness and sense of decency of the Filipino. A pragmatist would have kept himself safely in the united States preserving his life until a better day.But Ninoy was a romantic who believed that promises must be kept, pledges must be redeemed, and death if await ed him must be faced in order to show the people that there are things more important than life. When he died, I penned an adieu entitled Goodbye, Superboy A Fond part to the Last Romantic. Thus the title of this piece. Yet, I hope Ninoy was not the last romantic for such romantics are what we desperately need in these painful days of harsh and bitter realities. Someone once said that it is far better to soar with the eagles, braving the hunters gun, than to scratch on the ground with the chickens. The hunters gun finally found Ninoy Aquino at the airport which now bears his name. His spirit was freed to soar among the stars. I am proud to have known him. To have been touched by him. To remember him now.