Commerical banker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commerical banker - Essay Example Similarly banking sector has expanded and developed by leaps and bounds in south Asia. After china, Indonesia and Malaysia the banking sector in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka has been tremendously growing. This trend in the growth of banking sector has actually been the need of the economies to accommodate and sustain the needs of these economies. In fact commercial banking and its tremendous growth has been the pushing and pulling factor in the sustainable growth of these economies. The accelerated activity of agricultural sector, the small and medium enterprises, the construction and real estate have yielded the fairly large ground for commercial banking sector on local basis in south Asia. Since the return rates on any business in south Asian countries is the highest one in the world (almost 20 % per annum), there has been every chance of emergence and growth of commercial banking in South Asia. A large number of fresh MBAs are attracted to the commercial banking and they get appropriate training facilities. Their remuneration in the commercial banks remained high and they also got monthly pro-rata commissions on their retail performance. The attitudes of young graduates employed in the banks are molded towards professionalism and business.

Through the two main characters of Rhodaand Gertrude Essay Example for Free

Through the two main characters of Rhodaand Gertrude Essay Through the two main characters of Rhoda and Gertrude the writer allows the reader to know his opinion on gender equality at the time. As well as criticising the way in which men treat women, he also states his feelings on how women treat other women and their selves. Rhoda is firstly represented as a mysterious, lonely and segregated person who has a history with the character, Farmer Lodge. This assumption can be taken from the way the fellow workers treat Rhoda and their conversations involving Farmer Lodge and his new bride. For example one milk maid says, Tis hard for she while looking at Rhoda who is described by the writer as, a thin fading woman of thirty milked somewhat apart from the rest. This description is just, because the workers speak blatantly about Rhoda and her past, even though she is in hearing distance. It is like they are aware of her presence, but choose to discount it because Rhoda, in their eyes is worthless. This leads the reader to think what Rhoda has done in order to be isolated from the group and be treated with such an obvious mix of contempt and sympathy. The initial conversation in the workplace also highlights how differently men and women are treated and how differently their roles in life really are. The reader can see that Rhoda and Farmer lodge have some kind of history and they are aware of what peoples reactions to Rhoda are, yet it is clear that the man, who has presumably participated in the same secretive affair is treated with a more positive and accepting attitude. Despite the workers still gossiping about his wedding and debating his age, there doesnt seem to be as much scandal about his past, any references made are directed about Rhoda and her involvement. The next paragraph begins with the workers leaving for home, Rhodas seclusion because of past events and her womanhood, are highlighted once more in the line, lay apart from that of others, to a lonely spot The readers also learn that she has a son as a result o a past affair with Farmer Lodge, your father brings his young wife Rhodas obsessive nature concerning her past love is also made clear. She continually asks her son for details in order to compare Gertrude with herself, If shes dark or fair, and if shes tall The writer uses Rhodas insecurities to symbolise how men drive women to desperation, how they cause women to doubt themselves and loose confidence in their own mind and body just because of a mans actions and how they choose to treat women, in this case in a disparaging way. The writer also uses Rhodas self- absorption (his mother not observing that he was cutting a notch with his pocket-knife); obsessive fixation on Gertrudes appearance and the twisted gratification she receives at hearing of Gertrudes faults (She is not tall. She is rather short. He replied. Ah! said his mother with satisfaction) to criticise how weak some women can be. The writer sympathises with Rhodas mistreatment but also pities her for allowing she to become a victim in the first place. This opinion is later confirmed when Rhoda is so consumed with envy and scorn that she dreams about Gertrude. The dream being a metaphor for her inner feelings. Up to this point the writer doesnt prompt much sympathy for the character of Rhoda as she is construed as bitter and slightly vindictive, yet after the event we see a softer side to her. She does worry when she meets Gertrude and notices that she does in fact have a withered arm. She is racked with guilt and remorse (Rhodas heart reproached her bitterly) and we see that she isnt just a hostile ex with a chip on her shoulder and that she does actually care as the writer shows us in the line, This innocent young thing should have her blessing not her curse. Throughout the rest of the story Rhoda does her best to help her replacement Gertrude and not because shes only feeling guilt but because she actually likes her. Gertrude at the beginning of the story is described as Rhoda Brooks opposite, (of Rhoda), there was more of the strength that endures in her well-defined features and large frame than in the soft cheeked woman before her. Gertrudes initial character is kind, cheerful and in the trend of the time was completely devoted to her husband. It was only after her husbands reaction to her withered arm did she begin to change into an irritable, superstitious woman. Instead of supporting her and showing her unconditional encouragement and affection Farmer lodge froze her out, making her feel ugly, useless and eventually causing her to take drastic measures, which were most out of her once caring and sensible character. The writer uses the lines, I shouldnt so much mind it if-if I hadnt a notion that it makes my husband dislike me-no love me less. Men think so much of personal appearance, to once again criticize both males and females of the time. Men for making women degrade themselves in order to pathetically please their man and women for allowing themselves to be so hopelessly dependant on a males approval and love. He is saying that, that kind of relationship is destructive, to a female especially since most men of the time focused solely on appearance, Yes; and he was very proud of mine at first. The writer uses the characters of Rhoda and Gertrude as a kind of before and after picture. In the beginning we see that Rhoda Brook is a lonely, poor woman who is branded a witch and thought of as highly scandalous yet we see Gertrude as an innocent and beautiful young woman, the later image is ironic because the beautiful Gertrude does transform into a Rhoda-like being, bitter and obsessive. The writer is allowing us to see the process in which vanity, reliance, obsession and the behaviour of men towards women along with the nature of the female friendship enables the downfall of a person.

Huck Finn Racism Essay -- essays research papers

"To Be or not To Be" In extreme cases the book, Huckleberry Finn, has been banned from some schools because of the depiction of racial tension towards Jim, the black slave, in Huckleberry Finn. This story takes place at a time where slavery was considered moral. Blacks were considered inferior to whites, but Huckleberry challenges the notion that he was raised upon. Through Huckleberry’s adventures Twain expresses his challenge towards civilization’s rules and moral code. One must read between the lines and reach for the meaning in Mark Twain’s subtle literature dialog. If one were to do this that one would realize that it is not racist, but anti-slavery. For someone to think that Twain considering the era was racist would ludicrous. Considering that Mark Twain is a revolutionary writer and must use detail from an era to make the story unique he shouldn’t be considered racist. Their time period is set around the Civil War which was fought for abolishment of slavery. Huck to some people would be the argument for Twain’s racism, but Huck was raised from a boy by people with extreme hatred towards blacks such like Pap and Miss Watson. Even if bigotry was part of Huck’s attitude towards blacks it should be excused. Towards the end of the novel Huck encounters Aunt Sally who makes a remark towards blacks. She remarked that thank god no one was hurt ...

A Comparative Study on High School Students Between the United States and China Essay

With the development of global economy, the competition in education is becoming an important part of the international competitions. Students all over the world are competing with not only the students in their country but the students in the world. To some degrees, the future competitiveness of a country relies on how great their students are. As for students, their high school time is the critical period in their life, when they form their outlook on life and find out what they want to do in the future. High school students in both the United States and China have huge differences in their school life. First, curriculum. Students in American high school are required to take Science, Mathematics, English, Social sciences, Physical education and other electives such as Computers, Foreign language etc. Nearly 40 percent of U.S. high school students do not take any science class more challenging than general biology. And 55 percent of students do not take any math courses beyond two y ears of algebra and one year of geometry. While in China, the academic curriculum consists of Chinese, Mathematics, English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, History, etc. The requirement to Chinese students in Mathematics & Science is considered to be quite high. Second, time on studying. According to the research conveyed by BPP production team, American students spend 302,400 minutes in school during their high school time for 4 years while Chinese students spend 583,200 minutes. If adding that to the time spent doing homework and studying after school, by the end of the high school, Chinese students have spent twice as many hours studying as American students. But even though Chinese students spend more time studying, it seems that their homework can never be finished. Thus, Chinese students try their best to enhance their learning efficiency in order to squeeze more time. However, it doesn’t mean that American children don’t work hard. The core of the difference is the distribution of time. American students devote their time to playing sports, doing part-time jobs, and even dating with others, which make them energetic and social. From this aspect, the education system of American high school is more flexible than Chinese since it encourages student s to develop comprehensively and get close to the society. Third, expectation of  parents. In China, parents think highly of the education for their children. They tend to choose roads for their children to follow and make critical decisions for them, like which college to enter, or which major to learn. Especially for the top students, parents usually pay for several kinds of lessons as part of their investment in their education in order to open up a lead in the competition for their children. But American parents seem more relaxed. The percentage of parents who think their child’s high school is teaching the right amount of Math and Science is 70%. American parents have ideas about the future of their children but seldom make decisions for them. So Chinese students face with more pressure from parents. Different education styles result in different students. American students score highly in one area relative to their international peers: self-confidence. They worship freedom and balance work and relaxation well, leading them be optimistic about the future. On the contrary, Chinese students in high school own much academic knowledge so that they do better in examinations. But it cannot make a conclusion hastily that whether high school in both China and U.S,A is good or not because the education system is based on the economic situation of China and America. To make an end, to improve the competitiveness of a country, it is necessary to compare the education system to that in other countries, find out advantages and disadvantages and make some changes to cultivate talents. References: Net 1 BPP production team. ä ¸ ¤Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã¤ ¸â€¡Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã©â€™Å¸Ã¨â‚¬Æ'Ã¥ ¯Å¸Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã§ ¾Å½Ã¥  °Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã¨â€š ²Ã¥ · ®Ã¥ ¼â€š. [DB/OL] http://video.sina.com.cn/v/b/83732476-2036021381.html, 2012-08-17 Net 2 Wikipedia. Education in the People’s Republic of China. [EB/OL] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_People’s_Republic_of_China#Secondary_education, 2013-06-13 Net 3 Wikipedia. Education in the United States. [EB/OL] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States#Secondary_education, 2013-06-13

Grand Metropolitan PLC Essay

Company Background and Issues Grand Metropolitan PLC was a multinational holdings company that faced a hostile takeover threat in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. The company specialized in wine and spirits. The headquarters for operation was in London, England at the time of this case. The major dilemma at hand is avoiding a takeover. The economy was bad at the time, and the company’s stock price was thought to be undervalued, as their low P/E ratio of 13.3 indicated. Management needs to find out why their stock price is so undervalued. A new strategy of Grand Metropolitan’s was to capitalizing brand value on the balance sheet. Another strategy of management was to divest in low growth areas and invest heavier in projects that meet a certain growth criteria. The CEO stated, â€Å"In addition to brewing, we have continued to exit those businesses whose failure potential earnings do not meet our growth criteria†¦ All those decisions were driven by a thorough analysis of income growth prospects†. Senior management is committed to reducing debt. In 1991 alone the debt to capital ratio fell by 9%. Management has shown to be committed to these goals into the future. One of the issues management will have to face is how to tell which business units are outperforming others. Despite the great performance of Grand Metropolitan as a company during the 1980’s, the stock was undervalued in the early 1990’s. This is the immediate issue management must address to avoid a takeover. Financial Analysis Cost of Capital: Our estimate of the pound-based weighted average cost of capital for Grand Metropolitan was 16.433862%. We used the weights from exhibit 6. The tax rate was given as 35%. We used the weighted average costs of debt and preferred stock from exhibit 7. We then discounted the flow of future dividends to find the cost of common equity. We also used the three strategic business units to find the approximate weighted average cost of capital for each unit. We found that WACC for Restaurant-Retailing came to 12.8876%. The WACC for Food Processing came to 12.12%. And the WACC for Drinks came to 11.5513%. We used exhibit 8 to find the average cost of equity and debt for the comparable companies in each business segment and forecasted it on to Grand Metropolitan. We noticed a high cost of equity for Grand Metropolitan. This comes at a time when the company is trying to reduce its debt. The cost of equity was found to be 16% in the U.S. and about 18% in Great Britain. Cost of Debt: To find our cost of debt we took the market value of debt to capital ratios for each segment, found on exhibit 8, for our weights. Our assumptions to find the cost of debt, since it was not explicitly given, were as follows; we used the bond ratings given under each segment, we then used the yields by rating category chart on exhibit 9 to find the appropriate rates and found an average of the ratings assigned for each segment. Now having found our weights and rates we are able to with the tax rate found within each segment find our cost of debt. Currency rate risk: Due to the diversity of markets that Grand Metropolitan operates within, the company is inherently exposed to currency conversation rate risk. The majority of the subsidiaries of Grand Metropolitan operate within the United Kingdom and the United States markets, which utilize the Great Britain Pound and the U.S. Dollar respectively. With Grand Metropolitan’s headquarters in London, England, they have a large number, 77%, of their Debt currency in U.S. dollars. We think this is due to their ability to access a much lower debt rate within the U.S. market, so they can finance their projects with the cheapest debt available. Market Analysis: Grand Metropolitan’s P/E ratio is noticeably lower when compared to the other companies within its segmented segments. We found that these low P/E ratios combined with increased profits made Grand Metropolitan a potential target for corporate raiders, i.e. takeover risk. RONA: During our analysis of individual segments, exhibit 2, we found that the RONAs for the Retailing and Food were lagging behind that of the Drinks segment. Furthermore, the Drinks segment only has 26% of total net assets, yet it provides 46% of operating profits. Comparing this to the Retailing segment, which utilizes 40% of net assets while only contributing 24% of the total profits, shows a great disparity. The Food segment represents 34% of net assets and 30% of the total profits. EVA: When calculating EVA, our early indications that Retailing was a drain on the company’s profits and growth were further confirmed. Retail had a negative EVA of -137.70. Drinks were clearly the main most efficient segment with an EVA of 135.83, and Food had a -44.04 EVA. We calculated these EVA’s using our segment WACC’s and using Net Assets as a measure of Capital. Tax Rates for each segment were given in exhibit 8, which were applied to operating profit for a NOPAT of each segment. These results show how mismanaged and inefficient the Retailing segment, and to a smaller degree the food segment are. Environmental Analysis: Strengths: The strength of Grand Metropolitan is its drink segment. The operating profit in the United States has been grown from $185 to $517. The UK and Ireland are using only 30% of net assets, but contribute 36% of the operating profit. Weaknesses: Retailing appears to be a weakness for Grand Metropolitan. The return on net assets and operating profit has been consistently lower than the other segments. The company’s capital structure is set up with a heavier than average amount of debt. Grand Metropolitan carries 43% debt to capital, while the average for comparable companies is between 28-34% depending on the segment. Opportunities: Grand Metropolitan has an opportunity to increase profits by investing in current successful brands. The brands that fall under drinks have proven to give the highest return on net assets. Recommendation: From our results we can conclude that the Retailing and Food segments are not adding value to the firm and are bringing down the value being added by the Drinks segment. While Food’s EVA of -44.04 isn’t nearly as bad as Retail’s -137.70, both are bringing down the company’s growth opportunities. These segments are either ripe for a selloff or restructuring. The food segment especially seems like it needs just a management change since it’s close to being positive EVA but return on net assets has dipped in the last few years, leading to the low EVA.

Macroeconomics Notions

Macroeconomics Notions Supply and Demand Supply and demand are the economic model of determining prices in a competitive market, wherein supply refers to the quantity of commodities available in the market and demand refers to the quantity demanded by consumers. The law of demand states that the higher the costof the good or service, the less people will demand it, while the law of supply states that the higher the price of a commodity, the higher the quantity required (Supply and demand, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Notions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Macroeconomic Equilibrium Macroeconomic equilibrium is a condition of a nation’s economy wherein aggregate demand is met by aggregate supply (Macroeconomic equilibrium, 2012). The total demand of a final good or service in the economy is called its aggregate demand, while the total supply of a final goods and services the economy plans to sell is called t he aggregate supply. Significant changes on demand or supply will affect prices, employment, and resources of a nation. How Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Determine Equilibrium Price and Output In The Short- and Long-Run Macroeconomic equilibrium is computed by relating national price level with national output. The market is in equilibrium when price and output are equal. Changes in the price or output of a commodity prompts shifts in its aggregate demand and/or aggregate supply. In general, expansionary policies shift aggregate demand to the right while contracting policies shift it to the left. Looking at the diagram below, when aggregate demand shifts to the right, equilibrium will occur at a higher price level and a higher output in the short-run and at a higher level in the long-run. When aggregate demand shifts to the left, the opposite, will occur. Figure 1. Macroeconomic Equilibrium Shifts in the aggregate supply are usually prompted by shifts in aggregate demand. W hen aggregate supply shifts to the right, aggregate demand dictates that equilibrium will occur at a lower price level and a higher output in the short-run.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When short-run aggregate supply shifts to the right, aggregate demand dictates that equilibrium will occur at a higher price level and a lower output in the short-run. In the long-run, when aggregate supply shifts to the right, a lower price level and higher output is required for equilibrium. When it shifts to the left, a higher price level and lower output is required. Gross Domestic Product, Unemployment, Inflation Three ways to measure a country’s economy is through its GDP, unemployment rate, and inflation rate. GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the measure of total value of commodities by a country for a specific period (Gross Domestic Product, 2012). Unemployment is the state of a person who is looking for employment but is unable to find or does not have one (Unemployment, 2012). Inflation is the rate of increase of the general level of prices of commodities in a country. As inflation occurs and prices go up, purchasing power of people fall (Inflation, 2012). Business Cycles and Economic Growth Business cycles are series of patterns affected by employment, industrial productivity, and interest rates that show the expansion and contraction of economic activities. There are five stages on a business cycle, namely, growth, peak, recession, trough, and recovery (Business Cycle, 2012). Economic growth is the measure of an economy’s increase of commodity and capacity to accommodate its population within a period of time (Economic Growth, 2012).Productivity, inflation, population growth and introduction of new commodities in the economy are factors of economic growth. Multiplier Concept Multipliersare factors that quantify the changes of capit al investment to total income of an economy. They are used to measure the effects of government spending on income. Multipliers are calculated by dividing the marginal propensity to save to one (Multipliers, 2012). John M. Keynes was made the second father of economics after Adam Smith because of his contribution on multipliers. The limitations of the multiplier concept include its restriction to economies (It is only for closed economies.), its lack of social factors, and its low adaptability to change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Notions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy is a government policy that deals with the spending activities of the government that influences macroeconomic conditions. These policies are concerned and implemented in taxation, interest rates, transfer payments, and borrowing (Fiscal policy, 2012). Two tools of fiscal policy are the Automatic Stabi lizers, attributes of fiscal policy that smooth instability in consumption over the business cycle, and the Discretionary Fiscal Policy, the conscious manipulation of implementation of taxation, purchases, transfers, and borrowings. An example of this is the Federal Income Tax (Kelly, n.d.). Macroeconomics in Contemporary Economic Issues As previously mentioned, business cycles have five stages, namely, its growth, peak, recession, trough, and recovery. In recent years, however, the flow of the stages in the cycle is unsteady, not following the regular cycle. This is because of the impact of improbable events not forecasted (or were not heard of) by economist. One significant event in recent time is the sharp decline in housing prices, resulting in a recession in the economy. This event in economy happened in 2007. Before the year, housing prices grew rapidly and collapsed by nearly 20 percent over the next two years, due to low interest rates in the 2000s, and lowering lending stan dards. Another macroeconomic event in recent times is the rise of prices of oil and other basic commodities, such as natural gas, steel, corn, wheat, rice, and coal. Oil consumption in the United States lessened in the first half of 2008 (Jones, 2008). This was offset, however, by the oil consumption of China, India, and the Middle East, which resulted in an outward shift in demand. This occurrence created a chain of price increases on basic commodities. Reference List Business cycle.(2012). Investor words. Retrieved from investorwords.com/625/business_cycle.html. Economic growth.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from investopedia.com/terms/e/economicgrowth.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fiscal policy.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from http://business.baylor.edu/tom_kelly/2307ch12.htm. Gross domestic product.(2012). Merriam-webster online. Retrieved from merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gross+domestic+product. Inflation.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm. Jones, C. I. (2008). Current macroeconomic events. W. w. Norton. Retrieved from wwnorton.com/college/econ/chad- update/CurrentEvents2008.pdf. Kelly, T. (n.d.).Chapter 12 fiscal policy. Baylor business. Retrieved from http://business.baylor.edu/tom_kelly/2307ch12.htm. Macroeconomic equilibrium.(2012). Business dictionary. Retrieved from businessdictionary.com/definition/macroeconomic-equilibrium.html. Multipliers.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from investopedia.com/terms/m/multiplier.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm. Supply and demand.(2012). Encyclopà ¦diabritannica. Retrieved from britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574643/supply-and-demand. Unemployment.(2012). Investopedia. R etrieved from investopedia.com/terms/u/unemployment.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm.

Advantage of Internet Essays

Advantage of Internet Essays Advantage of Internet Paper Advantage of Internet Paper 1 Organic Chemistry 261(270, 271) Midterm-I Examination September 29, 2008 Name (print) ID No. Time: 50 minutes Total number of pages: 6 Answer all questions in the space provided. Question I. (15. 0) II. (14. 0) III. (14. 0) IV. (15. 0) V. (10. 0) Total (68. 0) Percentage Mark GOOD LUCK 2 (9. 0) 1. a) Write a Lewis structure for each of the following compounds showing any unshared electron pairs. b) Calculate the formal charge on each atom other than hydrogen. Be sure to show your calculations. a) CH3OH2 EC(c) = 1/2(8) = 4 FC(c) = 4- 4 = 0 H H H C O H H EC (O) = 1/2 (6) + 2 = 5 FC (O) = 6-5 = +1 b) (CH3)3CO H C H H H C C O HH C H c) (CH3)2O-BF3 H HH C F H H C O B F H F (6. 0) 2. H H Formal charge calculations for (b, c) as of part (a) Which resonance form in the following pairs would contribute more to the Hybrid (more stable)? Explain the reason for your choice. a) CH3CH CH CH OH CH3CH CH CH OH Carbon of the other structure do not meet the octet rule O CH3 More stable because of more covalent bonds O c) CH2 C CH3 CH2 O C CH3 Negative charge resides on more electronegative atom. O C NH2 b) CH3 C NH2 3 (8. ) II a) Write a dash formula for each of the following compounds showing any unshared electron pairs. b) predict the hybridization of the indicated atom in each molecule? a) CH3 CH N CH3 Answers: sp3 a) CH3 sp3 O b) CH3 C C C H sp2 sp2 sp3 CH N CH3 sp sp O C C C H sp2 sp2 b) CH3 sp3 sp c) CH3BeCH3 c) CH3BeCH3 sp3 d) BH4 d) BH4 (6. 0) 2. Which compound in each of the following pairs would have the higher boiling point? Explain a reason for your answer. a) CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3CH2OCH3 Alcohol, because of hydrogen bonding b) or O Ketone, because of dipole-dipole intractions c) N H or N CH3 Primary amine, because of hydrogen bonding 4 (8. 0) III 1. a) Draw structures of three alkyl bromide with the formula C4H9Br b) Classify each as to whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl bromide. CH3CH2CH2 CH2Br primary CH3 CH3CH2 CHBr CH3 CH3 C Br tertiary CH3 (6. 0) 2. Write a condensed structural formula for each of the following compound. O seconday a) O (CH3)2CHCOCH(CH3)2 or (CH3)2CH C CH(CH3)3 b) NH CH3 CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2NHCH2CH3 or CH3CH2 H CHCH2NCH2CH3 OH OH CH2 CH2 CH CH CH CH CH3 c) 5 (15. 0) IV 1. Draw a structure for compounds that meet the following descriptions. a) Two amines with the formula C3H9N CH3CH2CH2NH2 and CH3NHCH2CH3 and Many other possibilities. b) Two ketones with the formula C5H10O O CH3CH2 and O CH2CH3 CH3 C CH2CH2CH3 C Many other possibilities. c) Two ethers with the formulas C4H8O O O and Many other possibilities. d) Draw bond-line structures of two cyclic compounds with molecular formula C4H8. e) Draw an isomer of CH3CH2CH2CH2C N CH3 CH3CHCH2C N with the same functional group. and one more possibility 6 (10. 0) V. What is the relationship between the members of the following pairs? That is, are they Stereoisomers, constitutional isomers, the same, or resonance structure. Explain the reason for your choice. CH3 CH a) CH2 CHCH2CH3 and H2C CH2 Answer: constitutional isomers same molecular formula, but different connectivity of atoms). b) NH2 and NH2 Answer: Resonance structures- (same connectivity of atoms, but different distribution of electrons. CH3 c) CH3 C CH3 CH3 Answer: different drawing of the same molecule , same Molecular formula or (CH3)3C CH3 d) H H3C C C CH3 H and H3C H C C CH3 H Answer: stereoisomers (cis-trans isomers) different location of atoms in space, but same molecular formula. 7 Periodic Table of the Elements 1 1 18 2 H 1. 00794 3 2 4 13 5 14 6 15 7 16 8 17 9 He 4. 002602 10 Li 6. 941 11 Be 9. 012182 12 B 10. 811 13 C 12. 0107 14 N 14. 0067 15 O S 32. 065 34 F Cl 35. 453 35 Ne Ar 39. 948 36 15. 9994 18. 9984032 20. 1797 16 17 18 Na 22. 989770 Mg 24. 3050 20 3 21 4 22 5 23 6 24 7 25 8 26 9 27 10 28 11 29 12 30 Al Sc 44. 95591 39 Si Ge 72. 64 50 P As 74. 92160 51 19 26. 981538 28. 0855 30. 973761 31 32 33 K 39. 0983 37 Ca 40. 078 38 Ti 47. 867 40 V 50. 9415 41 Cr Mo 95. 94 74 Mn Tc [97. 9072] 75 Fe 55. 845 44 Co 58. 9332 45 Ni 58. 6934 46 Cu 63. 546 47 Zn 65. 39 48 Ga 69. 723 49 Se 78. 96 52 Br 79. 904 53 Kr 83. 80 54 51. 9961 54. 938049 42 43 Rb 85. 678 55 Sr 87. 62 56 Y 88. 90585 57 Zr 91. 224 72 Nb 92. 90638 73 Ru 101. 07 76 Rh 102. 9055 77 Pd 106. 42 78 Ag 107. 8682 79 Cd 112. 411 80 In 114. 818 81 Sn 118. 71 82 Sb 121. 76 83 Te 127. 60 84 I At Xe Rn 126. 90447 131. 293 85 86 Cs Fr Ba Ra La * 138. 9055 89 Hf 178. 49 104 Ta 180. 9479 105 W 183. 84 106 Re 186. 207 107 Os 190. 23 108 Ir 192. 217 109 Pt Ds [281] 64 Au Rg [272] 65 Hg 200. 59 112 Tl 204. 3833 113 Pb 207. 2 114 Bi Po 132. 90545 137. 327 87 88 195. 078 196. 96655 110 111 208. 98038 [208. 9824] [209. 9871] [222. 0176] 115 116 117 118 Ac** Rf 58 Db 59 Sg 60 Bh 61 Hs [277] 62 Mt [268. 1388] 63 Uub [285] 66 Uut [285] 67 Uuq Uup Uuh [289] 68 [288] 69 [289] 70 71 [223. 0197] [226. 0254] [227. 0277] [261. 1088] [262. 1141] [266. 1219] [264. 12] * Ce ** Th Pr Pa Nd 144. 24 92 Pm [144. 9127] 93 Sm 150. 36 94 Eu 151. 964 95 Gd 157. 25 96 Tb 158. 92534 97 Dy 162. 50 98 Ho Es Er Fm Tm Md Yb 173. 04 102 Lu 174. 967 103 140. 116 140. 90765 90 91 164. 93032 167. 259 168. 93421 99 100 101 U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf No Lr 232. 0381 231. 03588 238. 02891 [237. 0482] [244. 0642] [243. 0614] [247. 0704] [247. 0703] [251. 0796] [252. 0830] [257. 0951] [258. 0984] [259. 1010] [262. 1097]

30 More Nautical Expressions

30 More Nautical Expressions 30 More Nautical Expressions 30 More Nautical Expressions By Mark Nichol After launching a list of seafaring idioms on a previous online cruise, I discovered a cargo hold of additional expressions that originated on the high seas but have come to rest high and dry on land. Here’s the haul. 1. All at sea: lost because of lack of knowledge of one’s position (confused and disorganized) 2. At loose ends: a reference to idle sailors being assigned to check that rigging is secure (idle) 3. Bail out: remove water from (assist or rescue) 4. Broad in the beam: said of a wide vessel (said of a large-hipped woman) 5. By and large: said in reference to steering slightly off the wind to ease effort and decrease the risk of slowing (in general, without special consideration) 6. Cut and run: sever the anchor line in an emergency (leave abruptly and abandoning others) 7. Fall foul of: collide with or become entangled in (come into conflict with) 8. First-rate: the largest class of warships during the sailing era (best) 9. Flog a dead horse: a reference to a period of work after getting and spending an initial payment (focusing on something already completed or settled) 10. Flotsam and jetsam: items lost or thrown overboard, respectively (odds and ends) 11. Give a wide berth: provide sufficient space when anchoring or docking to avoid other ships (keep at a distance) 12. Go by the board: a reference to something lost overboard (said of something to be abandoned or ignored) 13. Hail from: referring to the point of origin of a ship (come from, live) 14. Half seas over: partly submerged or keeled over so that waves are breaking over the deck, and therefore unable to maneuver effectively (drunk) 15. Hand over fist: using one hand at a time in quick alternating movements (rapidly) 16. Hard and fast: grounded (inflexible) 17. Hard up: a reference to the tiller being pushed as far to one side as possible (short of money) 18. High and dry: beached or caught on rocks and standing out of the water as the tide recedes (stranded or without resources or support) 19. In the offing: in sight, from the term for the expanse of ocean visible from shore (about to happen) 20. Know the ropes/learn the ropes: a reference to understanding knots, ropes, and rigging (familiarity with or training in how to perform a task) 21. Loose cannon: a piece of artillery that is not secure and therefore can cause damage or injury when it rolls on its wheels from the ship’s movement or from its recoil after being fired (out of control or unpredictable) 22. Ship shape: ready for sailing, with equipment and materials secured (clean, neat, in good condition) 23. Skylarking: sliding down rigging for fun (engaging in playful antics) 24. Take another tack: change the ship’s direction in relation to the wind (try another approach) 25. Take the wind out of one’s sails: a reference to the loss of movement when another vessel comes between the wind and one’s ship (to undermine another, usually by anticipating an action) 26. Taken aback: halted by a sudden shift of wind (surprised by a revelation) 27. Three sheets to the wind: a reference to the sheets (ropes) of a sail becoming loosened, rendering the sail useless (drunk) 28. Trim one’s sails (before the wind): adjust sails as appropriate (act according to circumstances) 29. When one’s ship comes home: a reference to the arrival of a fully laden cargo ship that will bring profit to the owner or investors (achievement of fortune or good luck) 30. Whistle for it/whistle for the wind: from the tradition of superstitiously whistling to summon the wind (hope for the impossible) At least two nautical expressions, â€Å"between the devil and the deep (blue) sea† (meaning, essentially, â€Å"between a rock and a hard place†) and â€Å"to the bitter end† (meaning â€Å"to the last extremity, regardless of difficulty†), have been attributed to seafaring origins, but the idioms, or similar expressions, may have come from earlier landlubber usage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsRunning Amok or Running Amuck?Charles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Elements of Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Elements of Corporate strategy - Essay Example Currnt ppr dls with th qustion of orgniztionl mission nd dfins it s n importnt tool for shping businss objctivs nd sing th prioritis, strtgis nd plns of compny. mission sttmnt is n orgniztion's vision trnsltd into writtn form. It mks concrt th ldr's viw of th dirction nd purpos of th orgniztion. For mny corport ldrs it is vitl lmnt in ny ttmpt to motivt mploys nd to giv thm sns of prioritis. Mission of n orgniztion is succinct nd inspiring sttmnt of wht th orgniztion intnds to bcom nd to chiv t som point in th futur, oftn sttd in comptitiv trms. Mission rfrs to th ctgory of intntions tht r brod, ll-intrusiv nd forwrd-thinking. It is th img tht businss must hv of its gols bfor it sts out to rch thm. It dscribs spirtions for th futur, without spcifying th mns tht will b usd to chiv thos dsird nds. Th corport succss dpnds on th mission rticultd by th chif xcutiv or th top mngmnt. For mission to hv ny impct of th mploys of n orgniztion it hs to b convyd in drmtic nd nduring wy. Th most ffctiv missions r thos tht inspir, usully sking mploys for th bst, th most or th grtst (Cmpbll, Twdy, 2000:15). Givn th cclrting rt of chng w r xprincing in our fmilis, our orgniztions, nd our communitis, w cnnot fford to wit for chng to com to us tomorrow. Using visioning, w cn gnrt th futur tody. Visioning nd stting up mission involvs ths four ky stps, with thir cntrl qustions: 1. Mission sttmnt. This nswrs th most fundmntl qustion: Why do w xist Mission sttmnts dfin public orgniztion in trms of its xprtis nd srvics, its constitunts nd stkholdrs, its impcts nd outcoms. 2. Cor vlus. Onc dfind, ths nswr th nxt qustion: Wht do w bliv in Cor vlus rflct wht th orgniztion blivs in, wht it is committd to, nd wht it wishs to b known for. 3. vision. Th visioning procss trnslts cor vlus into ctions by nswring such qustions s: Wht do w wnt to bring bout Wht diffrnc do w wnt to mk Wht do w spir to Wht lgcy do w wish to lv bhind Unlik mission sttmnt, vision sttmnt is not bout wht locl govrnmnt dos; it is bout wht it hops to do. 4. Strtgic plnning. In this procss of dsigning bluprint to chiv th mission nd vision, its contribution is to outlin th orgniztion's gols, with th strtgis nd tctics th orgniztion will us to clos th gp btwn tody nd tomorrow. Strtgic plnning nswrs qustions such s: How do w gt thr from hr Wht do w do nxt Vision is th criticl lmnt tht givs lif, brth, nd mning to th mission sttmnt, th cor vlus, nd th strtgic pln. Visioning is procss by which community of popl coms togthr to wrstl with ths qustions. Strtgic plnning mks sns only if w r willing to sk strtgic qustions. This concption of strtgic plnning is criticl to public gncis nd govrning bodis bcus of th nd to involv th public nd numrous stkholdrs in ny plnning procss. Public officils cn us visioning s mns of furthring strtgic convrstion mong citizns nd stkholdrs bout th kind of socity nd futur thy wish to build. In so doing, officils not only crry out thir dministrtiv rsponsibilitis but lso contribut to th dmocrtic wll-bing of thir constitunts. Mission or Purpos is prcis dscription of wht n orgniztion dos. It should dscrib th businss th orgniztion is in. It is dfinition of "why" th orgniztion xists currntly. ch mmbr of n orgniztion should b bl to vrblly xprss this mission. dditionlly, ch prson nds mission for his or hr lif. Th lignmnt of lif mission with

Bullying in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bullying in Schools - Essay Example This study declares that victims of bullying in school have been shown to manifest a higher risk of social maladjustment. The good news is that because bullying behavior typically occurs on a recurrent basis between two individuals who know each other, it is one of the few conditions that can also often be identified and prevented, perhaps with the result of a reduction in criminal behavior among adults.   However, before teachers and administrators can reduce the long-term effects caused by bullying schools, they must first be informed as to the prevalence, development and identification of the problem to instill in them an appreciation of the seriousness of the problem and then be provided with knowledge of those approaches that have proven to reduce these behaviors among schoolchildren.  This research stresses that  the term ‘bullying’ is used to denote a specific behavior pattern statistically occurring most often among boys but that can occur among girls as we ll.   â€Å"Bullying is characterized by bigger and stronger youngsters ‘victimizing’ their peers through the repeated use of negative actions, such as physical, verbal or relational aggression†.  Despite noted differences in bullying behavior noted among grade levels, other research determined that the patterns of bullying and the social rejection that results from this type of behavior are established early.  A child with overly aggressive tendencies will quickly become labeled as a bully and will be socially rejected from the group, contributing to further disruptive behavior.   

An Analysis of the Long Term Success of Veolia Water's Joint Ventures Dissertation

An Analysis of the Long Term Success of Veolia Water's Joint Ventures with State-Owned Companies in China - Dissertation Example 1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.3 Research Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ 1.4 Research Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Chapter 2: Review of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦. 2.1 Joint Ventures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.2 International Joint Ventures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2.3 Chinese-Foreign Joint Ventures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.4 Influence of Chinese culture on Chinese-Foreign Joint Ventures†¦.. 2.5 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.5.1 Societal Orientation: Collectivism vs. Individualism......... 2.5.2 Power Distance: Low vs. High†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 2.5.3 Uncertainty Avoidance: Low vs. High†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2.5.4 Social Gender: Masculinity vs. Femininity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2.5.5 Time Orientation of Goals: Long-term vs. Short-term†¦.. ... .. 2.10 Summary of Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter 3: Case Study of Joint Venture: Veolia Water Company and China’s State-Owned Companies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3.1 Veolia Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.2 Veolia Water in China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦... 3.2.1 Veolia’s Joint Ventures in China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.. 3.2.2 Veolia’s Business Model in Chin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.... 3.2.3 Performance of Veolia Water in Chin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ 3.3 Veolia’s Ori gin Culture’s (France) Cultural Dimensions Profile in Comparison with China’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.4 Human Resource Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3.5 Stakeholders’ Interests†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.6 Organizational Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.7 Financial Performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦ 3.8 Government Involvement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.9 Summary of Case Study Chapter 4: Methodology 4.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ 4.2 Research Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.2.1 Survey Questionnaires†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4.2.2 Qualitative Content Analysis of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.3 Target Sample†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4.4 Data Analysis Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4.5 Reliability and Validity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4. 6 Limitations of the

Analyse the marriage of Charles and Emma in Madame Bovary Essay

Analyse the marriage of Charles and Emma in Madame Bovary - Essay Example Fresh from the love and romance of her books and her fantasies while she is in the convent, Emma expects her husband Charles to â€Å"initiate [her] into the forces of passion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ but he taught nothing†¦.knew nothing, desired nothing.† As a result, the reality that Emma confronts in her marriage and the interminable dullness set her into a pattern where she becomes ripe for adultery , as she wonders â€Å"just what was meant in real life, by the words felicity, passion and intoxication, which had seemed so beautiful to her in books.† (Flaubert Part I: Ch 5). Her marriage thus becomes a vague, ever present dullness from which she yearns to escape and it makes her a ripe candidate for adultery. Charles’ name â€Å"Bovary† itself appears to suggest the bovine nature of the man. He is dull and unimaginative, while Emma’s maiden name â€Å"Rouault† contains the French word for wheels and thereby suggests Emma’s passionate, exotic nature. What Emma expects from her marriage is a receptivity to her spirited nature so that â€Å"a sudden overflow would have poured from her heart as the ripe fruit falls from a tree when one lays hand to it.† What she finds however, is a dull man who has no imagination at all; although he means well, he is boring and clumsy. The ball given by the Marquis d’Aquevilliers is even more depression for Emma, as she watches the utter inadequacy of her husband to fit in with the nobility that Emma so much desires to be a part of, his smugness and ignorance dampen her ardor considerably. Charles decides to take his pretty young wife to the larger town of Yonville and hands over financial control to her, all i n the hope that she will be pleased.

Banking Regulation and Risks Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Banking Regulation and Risks - Coursework Example One of the reasons for increased leverage generating value for banks is that increased leverage increases the savings from cost of capital obtained from debt funds due to the tax code and subsidized government guarantees. ROE= Net Income/Shareholders Equity ROE can be decomposed to classify the financial drivers of value creation in a company. This is known as DuPont analysis. ROE= Return on assets*leverage Or, ROE= (Net Income/assets)*(assets/shareholders equity) Or, ROE= (Net Income/Revenue)*(Revenue/assets)*(Assets/Shareholders’ Equity) Or, ROE= Net Profit Margin*Asset Turnover*Leverage Thus the three components of ROE is net profit margin, asset turnover ratio and gearing ratio or leverage. The profit margin states the amount of profit made by a bank from its operations. The asset turnover ratio states that how efficient a bank is in using the assets it owns and determines the revenue generated by the bank from its assets. Asset turnover ratio has an inverse relationship w ith net profit margin. The gearing ratio measures the financial leverage and states that how the bank finances the assets it holds, i.e. the amount of assets per pound of shareholders’ equity investment in the bank. Assets are financed by shareholders’ equity and by creditors, and a higher ratio indicates that the bank is getting more finance from the creditors. Thus greater gearing ratio leads to rise in ROE. Illustration: Consider the following data- Revenue= ?29,261millions Net Income= ?4,212millions Assets= ?27,987millions Shareholders’ Equity= ?13,572millions Net profit margin= Net Income/Revenue= ?4,212millions/?29,261millions= 0.1439=14.39% Asset Turnover= Revenue/Assets= ?29,261millions/?27,987millions=1.0455 Leverage=Assets/Shareholders’ equity= ?27,987millions/?13,572millions= 2.0621 ROE= 0.1439*1.0455*2.0621= 0.3102 = 31.02% ROE of 31.02% to a bank is a good indicator of growth. Still, if a bank decides to not to take leverage so as to become d ebt-free, then the ROE drop to 15.04%. Even if a bank decides to assume less leverage than the current, ROE will decrease. Thus, from the above illustration it can be said that ROE can be improved through leverage, i.e. leverage is important for the rise and improvement of ROE. Answer 2. Northern Rock, the UK Bank was the most high-profile casualty of the credit crisis of 2007, as in September 2007 the bank suffered run from its depositors. Northern Rock Building Society, a British Bank was formed in 1997 when the society floated on the London Stock Exchange. The bank specialized in mortgage business, and 90% of the assets of the bank were residential mortgages. Rise in growth, profitability and market value was noticed in the bank’s performance since 2001. The shareholders of the bank were benefitted and the management informed that the business model of the bank was effective in bringing about cost control, high quality asset growth, and competitive products with innovative products and transparency. The following graph summarizes the key growth rates for the years 2001-2006. Source: suerf.org, 2009. The huge gap between risk-weighted assets and total assets made by the extensive regulatory arbitrage raised questions in respect to the quality of assets held by the bank. Due to the aggressive policy of Northern Rock, the bank ended up with a leverage to be the highest in the European sector but the capital that was to serve as a cushion against

Analyse the marriage of Charles and Emma in Madame Bovary Essay

Analyse the marriage of Charles and Emma in Madame Bovary - Essay Example Fresh from the love and romance of her books and her fantasies while she is in the convent, Emma expects her husband Charles to â€Å"initiate [her] into the forces of passion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ but he taught nothing†¦.knew nothing, desired nothing.† As a result, the reality that Emma confronts in her marriage and the interminable dullness set her into a pattern where she becomes ripe for adultery , as she wonders â€Å"just what was meant in real life, by the words felicity, passion and intoxication, which had seemed so beautiful to her in books.† (Flaubert Part I: Ch 5). Her marriage thus becomes a vague, ever present dullness from which she yearns to escape and it makes her a ripe candidate for adultery. Charles’ name â€Å"Bovary† itself appears to suggest the bovine nature of the man. He is dull and unimaginative, while Emma’s maiden name â€Å"Rouault† contains the French word for wheels and thereby suggests Emma’s passionate, exotic nature. What Emma expects from her marriage is a receptivity to her spirited nature so that â€Å"a sudden overflow would have poured from her heart as the ripe fruit falls from a tree when one lays hand to it.† What she finds however, is a dull man who has no imagination at all; although he means well, he is boring and clumsy. The ball given by the Marquis d’Aquevilliers is even more depression for Emma, as she watches the utter inadequacy of her husband to fit in with the nobility that Emma so much desires to be a part of, his smugness and ignorance dampen her ardor considerably. Charles decides to take his pretty young wife to the larger town of Yonville and hands over financial control to her, all i n the hope that she will be pleased.

The Fall of Jerusalem 70 A.D Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Fall of Jerusalem 70 A.D - Research Paper Example Not only did the event affect the then socio-economic context but also had a significant impact on the religious situation of the period. The catastrophe took place as a consequence of the First Jewish-Roman War under the leadership of Titus and his subordinate Tiberius Julius Alexander (North, â€Å"Did Jesus Return In 70 A. D.?†). The disaster resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem causing innumerous deaths and the demolition of its popular First as well as Second Temples. The demolitions of both these temples are still mourned by Jews every year on Tisha B’Av (Young, â€Å"Oh Jerusalem, Thou that Killeth the Prophets†). The study intends to discuss the fall of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. In connection to this, it will emphasize the reasons behind the destruction by examining the scenario of Jerusalem during the occurrence of the First Jewish-Roman War. ... In the 70 A.D., repeated conflicts were being witnessed within the Roman Empire based on ethnic rivalry or political power agreements. The fall can be further identified to be the aftermath of chronological occurrences of disagreements taking place between the Jewish people and the Romans that took place because of the reluctance of the former to follow the emperor’s rules, which later took the shape of religious disbelief and segregation amid the then biblical audiences. Charged by the continuous rebellion against the Roman rule, the Roman army was preparing for an attack on the Jewish city since 66 A.D. following the death of Herod Agrippa I. In due course, the 30,000 Roman troops were able to beat the city walls of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. under the leadership of Titus, which led to the death of numerous Jewish civilians, and thus the First Jewish-Roman war was instigated. This sudden attack resulted in massive destruction where the temples of the city were annihilated, fuellin g up the grievances of the Jewish people against the Romans (Bell, â€Å"The Destruction of Jerusalem: A Local Event or of Universal/Eternal Consequence?†). After 40 years, as predicted by Jesus Christ, the wonderful ‘Herod Temple’ was completely demolished by the Romans. Titus, the campaign leader, has also been accused in many religious writings of having collected the precious treasury of Jerusalem temple and taken it to Rome, where it is still believed to remain safe. When the temple was engulfed by fire, the Roman soldiers hammered its walls in search of treasure, which again disregarded the religious belief of the Jewish people, causing a spiritual crisis within the city. Different vessels as well as treasures were robbed and were taken to Rome.

Thesis guidelines Essay Example for Free

Thesis guidelines Essay The Use and Purpose of the Guidelines At the Faculty of Technology, there are five different guidelines for writing theses: guideline for bachelor’s degree in business studies, guideline for bachelor’s degree in technology, guideline for master’s degree in business studies, guideline for master’s degree in technology, and general writing guideline for the Faculty of Technology. The guidelines for specific degrees contain instructions for the structure, printing and submitting of the theses. The general writing guideline contains information about the formatting of text and the use of sources and references. The student is required to use two of these guidelines, 1) general writing guideline for the Faculty of Technology and 2) guideline for appropriate degree. The purpose of the above guidelines is to ensure that theses at the faculty fulfil the requirements concerning academic writing and layout. This guideline is for students studying at Faculty of Technology and writing their master’s thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration. In addition, students are required to use the general guideline for the Faculty of Technology. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page 1. MASTER’S THESIS AND ITS PURPOSE 4 2. FROM MASTER’S THESIS TO GRADUATION 5 2. 1. Thesis Subject 5 2. 2. Credits 5 2. 3. Supervision 5 2. 4. Assessment, Approval and Grading 5 2. 5. Maturity Essay 7 2. 6. Publicity 9 2. 7. Further Details 10 3. MASTER’S THESES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES 11 4. THE STRUCTURE OF THE MASTER’S THESIS 12 4. 1. Title 12 4. 2. Covers 12 4. 3. General notes on printing and editing 13 4. 4. Title page 13 4. 5. Abstract 14 5. EDITING THE MASTER’S THESIS 15 5. 1. Introduction 15 5. 2. Theory and background information 15 5. 3. Main subject of the thesis 16 5. 4. Discussion and results. 17 5. 5. Conclusions 17 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1. Glossary 19 19 3 APPENDIX 2. Title page of a Master? s Thesis 22 APPENDIX 3. Abstract page of a Master? s Thesis 23 APPENDIX 4. Assessment criteria for master’s theses and licentiate theses 24 4 1. MASTER’S THESIS AND ITS PURPOSE According to regulations concerning the degree Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration (higher university degree), the student is required to write a master’s thesis (pro gradu) and pass a written maturity essay. Master’s thesis is a personal independent academic work prepared by the student. The student is advised to start preparing the master’s thesis in the second year of higher degree studies. The student has to sign up for a research seminar group of the major subject. The master’s thesis must show familiarity with previous work in the field and must demonstrate ability to use research methods and academic style. The aim of the master’s thesis is to improve the student’s ability for independent research work and its practical application as well as to enable the student to apply different research methods both independently and in groups. Furthermore, master’s thesis must demonstrate the student’s ability to use relevant literature and to present research results as well as show ability for doctoral studies. 5 2. FROM MASTER’S THESIS TO GRADUATION 2. 1. Thesis Subject The student has to prepare a master’s thesis in order to obtain the degree of Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration (higher university degree). The subject of the thesis is suggested by the student and approved by the thesis supervisor of the major department. Teachers may provide help in choosing the subject. 2. 2. Credits. During the advanced level studies of master’s degree studies, the student prepares a master’s thesis, which comprises 30 ECTS. 2. 3. Supervision The Master’s thesis is supervised by a teacher of the major field. The supervisor gives general guidance during the writing process and more detailed advice when necessary. The supervisor gives feedback about the thesis and may ask the student to report on the progress of the work. 2. 4. Assessment, Approval and Grading The thesis must be submitted to the faculty in 3 or 4 bound copies. One copy should be submitted to each examiner of the thesis. In addition, one or two copies should be submitted to the Amanuensis, depending on whether or not the student gives permission to publish the thesis online in Tritonia database. An electronic copy of the whole thesis and an abstract must be saved to the Tritonia’s database regardless of the student’s 6 decision on public availability. The work and abstract are submitted to Tritonia by filling in a thesis form at http://www. tritonia. fi/? d=140l=1. The thesis cannot be approved unless the work is successfully submitted to Tritonia. Theses copies submitted to the University are not returned to the student. One copy of the thesis must be submitted to the Amanuensis if the student allows his or her work to be made publicly available outside the Tritonia network. If the wok is not to be shown publicly, two copies must be submitted. In addition, an abstract without page number must be submitted to the Amanuensis of the Faculty of Technology. The student should submit only the abstract which is written in the language used in the thesis. The evaluation time for a Master’s thesis is 30 days. This means that the thesis has to be left to the examiners and the Amanuensis for evaluation approximately 5 weeks before the expected acceptance date. If the Master’s thesis is the last study attainment of the student, it should be available for the Dean’s decision at least 10 days before the deadline for submitting the application for degree certificate (which is 28 days before the graduation day). The Dean usually processes theses two times each month. It is recommended that students check the schedule for graduation well beforehand from the university web pages at http://www. uwasa. fi/english/studies/degree-and-postgraduatestudents/academic-information/graduation/. The schedule of the Dean’s thesis processing is available from the Amanuensis, if needed. Two evaluators assigned by the Head of the appropriate department make a statement about the thesis to the Dean within 30 days of the day the thesis is submitted for evaluation. Usually one of the evaluators is the supervisor of the thesis. The student is reserved the right to see the statements and a suggestion for the grading before the work is taken to the Dean for approval. The Dean decides on approval of the thesis and confirms the grade based on the statements and suggestion made by the examiners. The grading scale for Master’s thesis is sufficient, satisfactory, good, very good, and excellent. After the Dean’s decision has been made, the student will receive a notification about the grade of the thesis and a copy of the evaluators’ statement by post. 7 The student dissatisfied with the thesis grading may apply to the degree committee of the University of Vaasa in writing for rectification of the evaluation of the Masters thesis within 14 days of the day when the grade was released (Universities Act 558/2009, Section 82, and the University of Vaasa Degree Ordinance, Section 13). An appeal cannot be made against the decision made by the degree committee on the request for rectification of the decision concerning the evaluation of a study attainment. 2. 5. Maturity Essay In order to obtain the degree of Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration, the student also has to pass a written maturity essay. In the maturity essay, the student is expected to demonstrate knowledge of the subject matter of the master’s thesis in a supervised examination. In addition, the student is expected to show ability to write fluent Finnish or Swedish (see exceptions below). Finnish students write the maturity essay in the language in which the student has received elementary education (Finnish or Swedish). A completed maturity essay in the language of elementary education gives the student excellent language proficiency in the appropriate language (in compliance with Decree A 481/2003). In case the student has already completed a maturity essay for a bachelor’s degree in the same language, the maturity essay for the higher degree concerns only content, not language proficiency. In this case, the language of the maturity essay is determined by the faculty (see Decree on University Degrees, section 16 subsection 3; or the University of Vaasa Degree Ordinance, Section 17). The same applies in all cases where the student has already completed a maturity essay for another higher education degree; the maturity essay concerns only content. Students who have completed their elementary education in a language other than Finnish or Swedish or have received elementary education outside Finland are not 8 required to prove their language proficiency in the maturity essay. Also in these cases the language of the maturity essay is determined by the faculty. International students who have not received their elementary education in Finnish or Swedish but have obtained sufficient language proficiency in Finnish or Swedish may complete their maturity essay in Finnish or Swedish. In this case, language proficiency is assessed according to the criteria used for Finnish students. A successfully completed maturity essay gives the student good language proficiency in Finnish or Swedish in compliance with Decree A 481/2003, and it will be stated in the degree certificate as well. The Maturity essay can be completed on any of the general examination days. Registration must be made with a form and registration envelope available at the Academic Affairs office. The form is available also at the web pages of the Language Centre. The student may register for the maturity essay only after the Master’s thesis has been left for inspection in its final form. The examination date for maturity essay must be agreed on with the thesis supervisor and should be at least 7 days after the thesis has been left for inspection. In the maturity essay, the student is given two or three questions on the subject of the student’s master’s thesis. The student is required to answer one of the questions by an essay. The essay should be written for a reader that is familiar with the appropriate field but has not studied the specific research topic of the master’s thesis. In other words, the maturity essay should comprise an independent text and the student should not assume that the reader is familiar with the master’s thesis. In addition to academic content, the essay must also demonstrate good language proficiency and comprise a logical, well-structured whole. It must present the topic in writing, not by graphical presentations like tables or charts. The essay must also have a heading (otherwise the examiner evaluating the language of the thesis will not be able to see whether the essay really answers the question). The essay must have an introduction and a conclusion. Suggested length of the essay is approximately one examination sheet 9 (four pages). It should be written on each line of the paper with empty lines separating between paragraphs. After the first draft, it is advisable to rewrite the maturity essay, with special emphasis on clear handwriting. Words should be clearly separate and the difference between capital and lower case letters should be clearly shown. The essay must show knowledge of the basics of grammar and punctuation. Excessive use of abbreviations should be avoided. Sentences and clauses must be clearly connected, and they should be logical and show variation. Incorrect reference relationships must be avoided. Word order must be unambiguous and fit the structure of the presented information. The essay must be written in a factual style. Further advice is available at: www. uwasa. fi/kielipalvelut/opiskelu/kypsyysnayte/. The result of the maturity essay must be given within 30 days from the date of examination. The grading scale for maturity essay is pass/fail (no other grade). In case the maturity essay is failed on the basis of its content, the student must meet with the thesis supervisor in order to receive feedback before registering for a retake. If the reason for failing is related to problems in the language, the student must contact the examiner responsible for evaluating the language of the essay. 2. 6. Publicity All theses are public documents. According to the Act on the Openness of Government Activities (621/1999), official documents shall be in the public domain, unless specifically otherwise provided by the law. A master’s thesis becomes public when it has been officially approved. With commissioned theses, the commissioner may demand that a thesis or parts of it have to remain non-public in order to protect business or professional secrets. In this case, those parts of the work that contain such secrets are not integrated into the master’s thesis, but annexed to the thesis as background material. The background 10  material must conform to the general guidelines on writing master’s thesis and must be left for inspection at the same time and in as many copies as the master’s thesis. The background material is not bound together with the master’s thesis but submitted separately with its own title page and titled BACKGROUND MATERIAL. However, general, non-specific information from the background material should be incorporated in the text of the master’s thesis whenever possible. The minimum requirements for the master’s thesis proper are that it specifies the theoretical framework, research methods, material and its analysis, and has a list of references. It must comprise an independent, readable whole. Background material is evaluated together with the actual master’s thesis but is not made public. After the evaluation, the background material is archived and kept in a secure place at the appropriate department. Use of non-public background material must always be discussed in advance with the thesis supervisor. 2. 7. Further Details For information on layout and other technical details of mater’s thesis, see faculty’s general guidelines on writing theses. Further advice is given by the staff of the faculty and departments. 11 3. MASTER’S THESES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES The student may write the master’s thesis also in languages other than Finnish or Swedish. For practical reasons, this language is usually English as the evaluators of the thesis have to master the language in order to be able to evaluate the academic quality of the thesis. Using a language other than Finnish or Swedish must always be discussed with the thesis supervisor in advance. International students are advised to consult the thesis supervisor and amanuensis about their thesis and maturity essay before they start preparing their master’s thesis. The student is personally responsible for expenses resulting from for example use of language consultant etc. Appendix 1 shows the names of the departments, subjects, study programmes and modules in Swedish, and English. 12 4. THE STRUCTURE OF THE MASTER’S THESIS Master’s thesis can be structured as follows: Title page Table of contents (Symbols and abbreviations) (Pictures) (Tables) Abstract Introduction Main body text (methods, discussion, results) Conclusions List of references Appendices Parts in parentheses are not compulsory. 4. 1. Title. The title of the master’s thesis should be short, clear and expressive of the content (field and orientation). The student may use a subtitle in order to add focus to the title. No abbreviations should be used in the title. 4. 2. Covers The master’s thesis must be bound in hard, dark blue covers (marble blue for licentiate theses for the Faculty of Technology), page size A4. It is advisable to reserve enough time for the printing process – at least a week. 13 Lettering on the front cover should appear in the colour Gold and font Palatino, Times New Roman or equivalent: MASTER’S THESIS or LICENTIATE THESIS. Centred, bottom margin 200mm (font size 34pt) Author’s name (bottom right corner with 30–35 mm margins from bottom and right, font size 20 pt) Lettering on the spine of the thesis should appear in the colour Gold and font as above: Author’s name (on the left of the spine with 40mm margin on left) Year of publication (on the right of the spine with 30mm margin on right) 4. 3. General notes on printing and editing The student should pay attention to the printing quality of the master’s thesis. The hard copy of the master’s thesis should be printed out with a laser printer or equivalent. When attaching images, tables or appendices, care should be taken so that the final thesis is free of smudges and extra marks. The thesis must be printed, single-sided, on standard A4 paper. 4. 4. Title page The title page must follow the format requirements (appendix 2). Title page must state the following: University of Vaasa, Faculty of Technology, study subject (in capital letters, bolded and centred) Author’s name (centred) Title of the thesis (in capital letters, bolded and centred) and possible subtitle (bolded and centred) Study subject and the type of thesis (right alignment). Possible study programme (right alignment) Place (in capital letters and bolded) and year (bolded) 14 Title page should not be numbered 4. 5. Abstract The master’s thesis must include a one-page abstract (in Finnish/Swedish and in English, international students only in English). The abstract page is numbered and bound after list of symbols and abbreviations or, in case there is no list of symbols and abbreviations, after table of contents, before introduction. When the thesis is left for inspection, the student must also submit one separate, unnumbered abstract page. The separate abstract must be submitted in the language in which the thesis is written, and it is needed as an enclosure of the acceptance decision. The abstract page must state the research problem, material, research methods and major results of the thesis. The abstract should be understandable without having to consult the thesis itself. In the abstract, the student should use established terminology. References or quotations are not to be used. The title of the master’s thesis on the abstract page must be identical with the title on the title page. See examples of abstract in Appendix 3. Fill out ALL parts of the abstract page and take into consideration the margins of the page. The student must give 1-5 keywords. The first keyword should state, as specifically as possible, the field of study. It is followed by the other keywords which further specify the subject of the thesis. You may discuss the keywords with the assistant or your supervisor, if necessary. Keywords can also be searched from the VESA subject thesaurus of the library of the University of Helsinki. 15 5. EDITING THE MASTER’S THESIS. The master’s thesis consists of an introduction, main body text (which may include several chapters), and a conclusions chapter. The specific content, approach and emphasis of the thesis are chosen by the student and revised according to the supervisor’s comments. There are many different ways to prepare a (good) master’s thesis on the same topic. The only general rule is that the first chapter of the thesis is an introduction and the last presents the conclusions. 5. 1. Introduction The introduction should capture the reader’s interest. It gives the background for the choice of topic and presents the goals of the thesis. It limits the topic and gives a general outline of the approach to the research problem. Furthermore, the introduction should place the thesis in context by referring to other previous or contemporary academic studies on the topic. It also outlines the content and structure of the thesis. In case the thesis is a part of a larger project, the introduction must clearly define the author’s contribution to the project. The introduction does not give any details of the theory, methods or results of the thesis. The length of a typical introduction is 2-3 pages. 5. 2. Theory and background information In the chapter after the introduction, the student should give the technical, theoretical and other background information needed in order to understand the solutions and methods used in the later chapters. The theory part should focus only on things that are relevant to the thesis. However, it should not waste time on things that are self-evident to the reader (in other words, there is no need for a textbook-type presentation of the 16 basics in the field). The student’s own new methods are not presented in this section but given later in the thesis. The ‘ideal reader’ for the thesis could be defined as a person who is a professional in the field but unfamiliar with the particular topic. Thus all terms and symbols are to be explained when they are introduced but not later in the work. If several theories are used, it is advisable to present them in separate chapters. In addition to theory, the background information may include for example a company’s old products, a system that is about to be replaced, important standards, internal policies of a company, and possible other parts of a project (in case the thesis forms part of a larger project). These elements are to be explained in as much detail as is relevant for understanding the solutions in and the overall significance of the thesis. Whether this should be placed in the theory part of the work is case-specific and depends on the amount of background information of the thesis. The background information could also be integrated in the general outline of the thesis or be given in a separate chapter or appendix. A more detailed structuring and titles of the chapters (including the main title) are planned and executed on the basis of the work itself. It is highly important that the theoretical part of the work is closely connected to the later description and analysis of the work. In some clearly constructive work, the theory part may be relatively short. The length, however, is not the mere objective, but emphasis should be put on the contents. 5. 3. Main subject of the thesis After theory and background information, the student should focus on the main subject of the thesis and apply the theory to a specific research problem. The structure, headings and analysis in this section depend on the subject and on the approach chosen by the 17  student (and approved by the supervisor). There is no one correct way to approach the main subject of the thesis. In case the thesis includes scientific data (such as measurements etc. ), the appropriate study or experiment must be explained in such detail that the reader can understand all steps of the process. Methods must be presented in a manner that enables replication. For example the mathematical leads of new findings must be presented in such detail that the reader does not have to make extensive calculations in order to follow the process. In case of generally known methods, a short description or reference is sufficient. Less known methods, especially those developed by the author of the thesis, are to be described in much deeper detail. There should always be a clear connection between the theory and the application sections of the thesis. 5. 4. Discussion and results The last section of the main body text (before conclusions) consists of a ‘Results’ chapter or of two separate chapters with headings ‘Discussion’ and ‘Results’. In ‘Discussions’, the student may make comparisons between theory and (for example) measurement results as well as suggest lines of further research or application. The ‘Results’ chapter should focus primarily on the final results of the study, what the student found out and how it relates to the literature. The results should also be placed in the context of the possible earlier studies on the topic. 5. 5. Conclusions Conclusions chapter briefly summarises the whole thesis from start to finish. Aspects of the work that were discussed in the introduction are revisited in the conclusions chapter in order to find out whether initial plans were followed and initial goals achieved. 18 At the end of the conclusions chapter, the student may discuss possible future research on the subject. If this requires more extensive discussion, it can be placed in a separate chapter at the end. The conclusions chapter should be no more than 3 pages long and should not introduce any new ideas or include references to source materials. 19 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1. Glossary Faculty, departments, study subjects, study programmes and orientations in Swedish and English Teknillinen tiedekunta Tekniska fakulteten Faculty of Technology Matemaattiset tieteet Institutionen for matematik och statistik Department of Mathematics and Statistics Sahko- ja energiatekniikka Institutionen for elektro- och energiteknik. Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology Tieto- ja tietoliikennetekniikka Institutionen for datavetenskap Department of Computer Science Tuotantotalous Institutionen for produktion Department of Production Study subjects: Automaatiotekniikka energiatekniikka automationsteknik energiteknik automation technology energy technology 20 fysiikka fysik physics matematiikka materiaalitekniikka matematik materialteknik mathematics materials science sahkotekniikka talousmatematiikka elektroteknik ekonomisk matematik electrical engineering business mathematics tietoliikennetekniikka telekommunikationsteknik  telecommunications engineering tietotekniikka tilastotiede datavetenskap statistik computer science statistics tuotantotalous produktionsekonomi industrial management Study programmes and orientations: Teknisen viestinnan koulutusohjelma Utbildningsprogram for teknisk kommunikation Technical Communication Programme 21 Tietotekniikan koulutusohjelma ohjelmistotekniikka tietoliikennetekniikka Utbildningsprogrammet for datateknik programmeringsteknik telekommunikationsteknik Degree Programme in Information Technology Software Engineering Telecommunications Engineering Sahko- ja energiatekniikan koulutusohjelma  automaatiotekniikka sahkotekniikka Utbildningsprogrammet for elektro- och energiteknik automationsteknik elektroteknik Degree Programme in Electrical and Energy Engineering Automation Electrical Engineering 22 APPENDIX 2. Title page of a Master? Thesis (partly shortened in the example) UNIVERSITY OF VAASA FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT (E. G. COMPUTER SCIENCE) Author’s name TOPIC OF THE THESIS Subtitle Master’s Thesis in e. g. Computer Science (Degree Programme) VAASA 20XX 23 APPENDIX 3. Abstract page of a Master? s Thesis UNIVERSITY OF VAASA Faculty of Technology Author: Topic of the Master’s Thesis: Instructor: Degree: First name Last name Name of the thesis (subtitle) First name Last name Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration Major subject: (e. g. Computer Science) Degree Programme: (only if Degree Programme in Multimedia systems and Technical Communication) Year of Entering the University: 20xx Year of Completing the Master’s Thesis: 20xx Pages: xxx ABSTRACT: KEYWORDS 24 APPENDIX 4. Assessment criteria for master’s theses and licentiate theses Grade Theoretical knowledge, literature and sources Strong theoretical knowledge; excellent use of source materials; criticism  of source materials is wellgrounded Research problem Original; shows familiarity with and understanding of the subject. Results are interesting. Strong theoretical knowledge; very good use of source materials; demonstrates the student’s familiarity with the subject 3. No significant flaws in dealing with the subject; study produces clear results Good theoretical knowledge; no significant flaws in use of source materials 2 Inconsistencies or clear mistakes; results are difficult to interpret Satisfactory theoretical knowledge; use of source materials is rather limited; flaws in criticism of source materials  Confusing and difficult to follow; several inconsistencies and mistakes; results are questionable Sufficient familiarity with the subject; theoretical knowledge is limited; number of source materials is limited (often mainly Finnish sources). 5 4 1 General Original; shows independent thinking; results are interesting and make a contribution to knowledge of the subject with which it deals Research method and empirical part Methodologically justified; empirically thorough and systematic Text, structure, language and layout Textually fluent and stylistically excellent; technical documentation is excellent; clear and logical  structure; layout is flawless Clear and well-grounded research problem; questions are well-formulated; good research strategy and approach Methodologically correct; empirically correct Textually fluent; Language and layout are flawless; very good technical documentation; clear and logical structure Good research problem; clearly formulated questions; fairly successful solution to research problem Not clearly formulated or bears some inconsistencies; goal not quite achieved No significant mistakes; empirical part prepared rather well Wrongly or confusingly formulated; academic approach is lacking; goals  not achieved Methodologically weak; serious empirical flaws Textually good; Good technical documentation; no serious weaknesses; very few mistakes; layout fairly flawless Textually rather clumsy; incomplete technical documentation; grammatical errors; some weaknesses in structure; layout problems Textually clumsy; technical documentation is weak and unpolished; grammatical errors; flawed structure; weak layout Interesting and welldefined research problem; challenging questions; mature research strategy and approach Clear methodological and empirical flaws. Thesis process Excellent thesis process;  the student is motivated; agreements were kept; the student took responsibility and shows outstanding ability for independent research Excellent thesis process; the student is motivated; agreements were kept; the student took responsibility and shows good ability for independent research Good thesis process; the student is mostly motivated; agreements were mostly kept Flawed thesis process; the student needed extra guidance; occasional lack of motivation and responsibility The student’s motivation is rather weak; the student needed extra guidance; lack of responsibility; the process was prolonged.

The History Of Strategic Marketing Management Marketing Essay

The History Of Strategic Marketing Management Marketing Essay In order to pursue an effective strategic marketing management in organisation, it is necessary to grasp all of the internal and external areas and domains that may lead to successful implementation of the marketing initiatives. Realising the fact that strategic marketing management is quite a broader field, todays marketing professionals have to consider a number of those critical factors and aspects that turn the organisation into huge success, or an absolute failure. The word strategic is, itself, suggests scrupulous planning and policymaking, because these are the overall effects of strategic marketing management that play a major role in long-term growth of an organisation. Section 1 Strategic marketing plays a fundamental role in any organisation. Strategic marketing mainly helps in devising positioning strategies in relation to the market being targeted, but beyond all that, strategic marketing, primarily, helps in analysing the targeted market segments in view of the market competition with all well-established, mature and even immature products and services. After segmenting the market, a strategic marketer meticulously devises relationship strategies with those of the consumers or customers being aimed at. Strategic marketing, then, creates effective and the most relevant distribution and pricing strategies, followed by formation of exclusive strategies for advertising and promotional plans and strategies. Moreover, a strategic marketer, also, formulates business development and research strategies in a way that, ultimately, fosters long-term organisational growth and business sustainability. This is, again, the role of strategic marketing to pursue a set of strategies for marketing research too. Cosse and Swan (1983) found one major problem in marketing planning was that US product managers lacked the strategic orientation required by strategic planning. (Piercy, Morgan, 1990, 128) Usually there are three fundamental processes involved in strategic marketing, wherein planning is the leading and most significant process, followed by the implementation and control accordingly. Each of these elements is important not only for desired success of entire marketing strategies, but for an all-inclusive organisational growth. Exclusively for the planning process, organisation needs to perform a SWOT analysis first keeping view both internal and external factors. A marketing audit can help identify target markets for your firm. A marketing audit evaluates various internal and external components. (Caragher, 2008, 59) Objective and goal setting is also its main part, as it helps determine the market and consumer segmentation, as well as the role of strategic marketing management. Implementation is the process that brings the planning into action, and the control phase helps organisations in evaluating the planning process. As per their functions, strategic marketing and corporate strategies are interlinked with each other, and organisation can never achieve their role by dealing with these elements separately. According to Tom Connora (2007), a corporate strategy is more than marketing alone. (Connora, 2007, 369) A marketing strategy needs to be aligned with the corporate strategy of the organisations, while corporate strategies remain ineffective if its managers take the process of strategic marketing for granted. Corporate strategies mainly determine the direction of the organisations, where marketing is supposed to follow the same direction. Although marketing must be the principal channel of market knowledge this must be combined with and balanced by knowledge provided by the other business functions of the organisation. Thus a transcendent organisational view emerges which, it is suggested, is the true basis for corporate strategy. (Connora, 2007, 369) This is necessary to craft a comprehensive corporate strategy for the organisational success, but this cannot be completed without creating a strategic marketing plan. Knowing the fact that marketing has a lions share in entire business development of an organisation, effective corporate strategy entails a flexible structure enabling marketing strategies to freely perform in the market. The same goes for the marketing gurus in any organisation, as they can never achieve their goals and objectives if their strategies are not aligned with those of the features clarified in their main corporate strategies. Both of these factors go alongside each other. Section 2 Utilised in strategic marketing planning, various models offer numerous benefits and advantages to organisations. The first benefit of using models is that it enables strategic marketers to find out substitutes and alternatives, during strategic marketing planning. Consequently, utilisation of these models enhances the decision making capabilities for strategic marketers, helping in making due decisions without unnecessary delays. Through these models, organisations get timely information as well, thus making them capable to perform market forecasting more accurately. This well-timed information appears to be an asset in strategic marketing planning, as this information is, always, accessible and far-reaching. By using these models, organisations derive benefit from flexibility in framing the control reports as well. There is a strong link between employing strategic marketing and strategic positioning. Theoretically, strategic positioning helps in product placement in a way that makes the product easily available in the target market. In a word, strategic positioning stands for the strategic convenience in strategic marketing management, because strategic marketing revolves around positioning. Marketing strategies should respond to the distinctive characteristics and desires of its target market. Strategic positioning differentiates a business from its competitors by uniquely serving its target market. A strategic marketing plan should position a business so that its target market perceives that the business serves them and them alone. (Kruger, 2011) This is also the strategic positioning which helps in formulation of segmentation targeting. Strategic positioning also helps in multiplying the returns on existing marketing plans and strategies. Entire marketing strategies will bring no positive results if the crucial aspect of strategic positioning remains avoided. This is because strategic positioning plays a significant role in promoting the ratio of customer loyalty and profitability as well. Merits of strategic positioning with respect to strategic marketing development are includable. First and foremost, it helps determine the target audiences according to the demographics of the target market. It helps in determining the way an organisation wants to place its products or services in the market after meticulous categorisation and classifications. The employment of positioning strategies that leads to creating a position in the marketplace is undertaken over time through deployment of marketing practices including advertising, public relations, promotion, sales inducing efforts, publicity, etc., brand management, firm image and reputation, product development, and cost controls.(Blankson et. al., 2008, 2) Accurate projection of the sales can never be achieved by skipping the inevitable element of strategic positioning. As organisations are never supposed to please all and sundry under the sun, there must be a smart positioning that may your products to customers found in a predefined market. Product positioning has emerged as a separate field in the world of strategic marketing management. Despite offering a highly enriched product to consumers, this is the meticulous positioning of the product which will decide its acceptability and penetration into the market. There are various examples corroborating the significance of strategic positioning of any brand or service e.g. Coca Cola, Nestle, Wal-Mart, McDonalds, and FedEx, and GE (General Electric), and many more. Strategic positioning, also, depicts the in-depth market knowledge of organisation, as positioning is, usually, done with the help of market research, market intelligence and data gathering. Section 3 To ascertain growth opportunities in a market to the maximum, I would utilise a set of appropriate marketing techniques that includes branding, offerings, packaging and labelling, value additions, and environmental scanning. In details, I would, first, utilise the branding technique in order to differentiate the product than those of the products being offered by the competitors in the same market. Then here comes the phase of packaging and labelling that focuses on attractive presentation of the products through catchy designs and colour schemes etc., which is, further, supplemented by the labelling tool. Successful marketing strategies have always been based on unique insights into consumer behaviour, generalizations of successful tactics, brilliant advertising ideas, and technical innovations as well as market segmentation research. (Gibson, 2001, 1) The tool of offering will be, also, utilised to find out the best solution addressing the customers problems and concerns in comparison with other products available. Being a strategic marketing manager, I will, also, concentrate on value addition so as to multiply the demand and recall of the product in the real market by the targeted consumers and customers. Additionally, I will perform an essential environmental scanning by collecting the data in way that brings us exceptional growth via strategic marketing. In any market, an effective utilisation of market strategy options is taken as the fundamental and crucial phase in entire strategic marketing management. As the battle for the wallet of the emerging-market consumer shifts into higher gear, companies that think about growth opportunities at a more granular level have a better chance of winning. (Atsmon, Kertesz Vittal, 2011, 60) Being a strategic manager, I will use the same in accordance with the four Ps model which entails 1-Product, 2-Price, 3-Placement, ad 4-Promotion. This will be, accordingly, done in consideration of organisational strategies and its accessible resources so that it helps in maintaining the ratio of profitability. The same, also, fortifies the products being sold in the market, thus facilitating standardisation to a large scale. Most of the time, companies and organisation find it difficult to standardise their own marketing and positioning standards and values. Particularly on the consumer side, this standardisation is necessary, as this builds up the confidence of the target customers, and increases the customer loyal to a large extent. Standardisation is an on-going journey, where organisations need to perform the similar way to retain their existing customer base. The most important factors is that this is, also, inevitable to standardise their marketing and positioning efforts, as not all companies can maintain their level of standardisation being offered to their customers. For a defined market, creation of appropriate strategic marketing objectives is considered as a daunting task for the marketers. In fact, strategic marketing objectives are formed in a way that creates a constant need of the particular product in the market, and this objective can never be achieved with flawless standardisation. Section 4 A marketing strategy is always dependent upon various environmental factors. Starting from the political situation of the country to its sluggish economic trends, these environmental factors help in devising a win-win marketing strategy that may successfully address all of these external environmental factors all at once. The function of marketing strategy deals with determining the nature, strength, direction, and interaction between marketing mix elements and the environmental factors in a particular situation. (Akinyele, Samuel Taiwo 2010, 24) Other than law and order situations, absence of competitor in the market affects the sales of a particular product, as well as existing purchasing power of the customer, also, determines the products penetration in the concerned market. Organisations also need to keep up with those of the technology changes and up-gradations occurring in the outside word. I, being a marketing manager, will conduct an internal analysis in order to identify current strengths and weaknesses in a marketing strategy, and this will be done by evaluating the strengths and weakness of the market strategy. Strength of a market strategy is determined by evaluating the effectiveness of the promotional mix. This is, further, followed by knowing the current positing of product placement in the market, mostly relying upon quality of the products, effective branding, packaging and labelling, as well as variety of offerings made for the target consumers and customers. The most important components related to niche marketing include: Firm profile (Organisation charts, billing rates, financial statements); Partner profile (partners personal and professional objectives, firms specialties, age and tenure with the firm); and SWOT analysis (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). (Caragher, 2008, 59) This is, also, fundamental to knowing the weakness of the marketing strategies being implemented, and this is done by analysing various factors critically and neutrally. This may pertain to the lack of innovation, ineffective or irregular communication, and wrong selection of marketing and advertising channels, along with imperfect or untimely distribution of the products etc. The penetration and popularity of the digital media is one of the emerging themes in the world of marketing. As per my response to this rapidly emerging marketing theme, I propose the strategic and well-planned utilisation of the social and digital media after thorough research and investigation. This response will be tinged with usage of latest technological tools and methods, as innovative marketing enables companies to churn out maximum results in form of overall business development and profitability.