The In-Vivo and In-Vitro Effects of Sildenafil (Viagra) on Oocyte and Literature review

The In-Vivo and In-Vitro Effects of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on Oocyte and Embryo Developwork forcet - Literature check up on Example..71.2.1Physiology of Fertilization and Implantation Process ...91.2.2Physiology of Ovarian Function and Reproductive System .121.3Ways on How Secretion of Ovary Controls the procreation 161.4Historical Development, Chemical Composition, and Mechanism ofAction ..........................................................................................................181.4.1Historical Development of Sildenafil turn ............................181.4.2Chemical Composition of Sildenafil Citrate .............................201.4.3Mechanism of Action ................................................................221.5Sildenafil Citrate and Ovarian Response .........241.5.1Possible Effects of Sildenafil Citrate on womanish Reproduction . 241.5.1.1Treating Female Sexual Arousal Disorder 241.5.1.2Effects of Sildenafil Citrate on the Endometrium Lining .2 61.5.1.3Effects of Sildenafil Citrate on Oocyte .281.5.1.4Effects of Sildenafil Citrate on the Embryonic Development ..291.6Purpose and Rationale behind the Purpose of this teaching ..311.7Research Hypothesis .331.8Overall Objective .331.8.1Specific Objectives .33References 35 - 43Chapter I Introduction1.1Infertility Problems in Women... 12). It means that infertility happens when a couple failed to conceive after they had unprotected intercourse for a time span of 12 months. In general, infertility is sort as either primary or secondary infertility. Primary infertility means that the couple had never conceived a child despite their willingness to get the wife pregnant whereas secondary infertility happen when the couple is having difficulty getting pregnant after a pregnancy or having at least star child or more (NHS, 2012 Camacho, Gharib and Sizemore, 2007, p. 138 Inhorn and van Balen, 2002, p. 12). Boivin et al. (2007) revealed that roughly 80 million couples slightly the world are having difficulty conceiving a child. In UK, the NHS reported that around 3.5 million individuals or one out of six couples are facing problems related to infertility (NHS, 2012). There are quite a lot of factors that understructure lead to infertility. Based on the study that was conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), these factors were identified as female reproductive overthrows (38%), biological abnormalities in men and women (27%), male reproductive disorder (20%), subfertility (10-15%), and unknown causes (15%) (Kretser, 1997). The term idiopathic means that there is no specific known cause for a given disorder (Falcone, 2006, p. 58). Therefore, idiopathic amenorrhoea means that there is an unknown cause behind the absence of menstruation. Although problems related to infertility may not cause serious affright on the physical health of a couple, it will always remain a fact that their inability to conceive a child may blow up serious harm on their soci al and mental well-being. Among